Ibibazo n'ibisubizo ku bijyanye n'insinga zo gusharija zigendanwa

Ibibazo n'ibisubizo ku bijyanye n'insinga zo gusharija zigendanwa

1. Gushyuha cyane no gushyushya cyane kw'imashini ikoresha amashanyarazi

Iki ni igihe gikomeye cyo kwihuta mu mpeshyi (cyane cyane mu magaraje arimo ubushyuhe bwinshi). Insinga nyinshi zo kwishyuza, nubwo zifite ibikoresho byo gupima ubushyuhe, zikunze kugira uburyo bwo kurinda ibintu bitewe no kudakora neza imbere cyangwa kudakoresha neza ubushyuhe, bigatuma umuvuduko wo gushyuza ugabanuka cyane cyangwa ndetse n'umuriro ubura burundu.

• Ishusho nyayo: Nyiri imodoka agarutse mu rugo avuye ku kazi ajya muri gareji ifunze ifite ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi hafi 35, agakoresha sitasiyo yo gusharija ya 32A ihujwe na soketi ya NEMA 14-50 cyangwa CEE. Nyuma y'iminota 30-45 yo gusharija, igikoresho kibona ubushyuhe bw'imbere bw'imbunda yo gushyushya (hari ubwoko buke burengeje dogere selisiyusi 90). Kugira ngo hirindwe inkongi, sitasiyo yo gusharija igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kuva kuri 32A kugera kuri 16A cyangwa 12A, cyangwa ndetse igahagarika gusharija burundu n'itara ritukura. Nyiri imodoka yabyutse mu gitondo gikurikiyeho agasanga bateri idashyushye neza.

• Ibitekerezo by'abakoresha (Reddit / r/evcharging & r/TeslaLounge):

“Nkomeza kubona umuburo ko imbaraga zanjye zo kwishyuza zagabanutse bitewe n’aho umuriro usohoka ushyushye cyane. Itangira iminota 30-45 nyuma yo kwishyuza uko byaba bishyushye cyangwa bikonje muri gare yanjye. Ikoresha amplifiers nkeya bitewe n’ubushyuhe, ibyo bigatuma charger itagira icyo ikora iyo nkeneye kongeramo umuriro mu ijoro ryose.”

“Kuri njye, ni J-plug/Schuko plug ishyuha cyane ikayumva, bigatuma umuriro ugabanuka. Mu mpeshyi ngira ikibazo cyo gushyuha cyane kwanjye muri gareji, bityo ngomba kugabanya ingufu z’amashanyarazi kuri ampemetero 24 uhereye kuri 32 kugira ngo nyirinde kugwa.”

2. Guhagarika porogaramu mu buryo buteganyijwe no kunanirwa kugenzura porogaramu ya Bluetooth (Gukoresha chargeur byangiritse kandi byatakaje connection)

Ongera buhoro buhoro Porogaramu na WiFi mu bikoresho byo gusharija bigendanwa. Bitewe n’ubwiyongere bw’itumanaho rya Bluetooth, guhuza porogaramu (cyane cyane amakimbirane hagati y’igihe cyo gusharija n’igihe cy’imodoka) byabaye ikibazo gishya, kandi intera yo kugenzura Bluetooth ni nto cyane.

• Ikoreshwa ry’imodoka mu buryo bufatika: Ba nyir'imodoka, bashaka kubyaza umusaruro amashanyarazi adakoreshwa cyane, bashyiraho aho batangira gushyushya saa sita z'ijoro kuri porogaramu yo gushyushya. Ariko, bitewe n'ibibazo byo guhuza hagati y'aho bashyushya na sisitemu y'imyidagaduro y'imodoka, cyangwa gusibangana kw'aho porogaramu iherereye, iyo sitasiyo yo gushyushya imodoka ntiyohereza ikimenyetso cya "control pilot" ku modoka ku gihe cyagenwe, bigatuma ihagarika gushyushya. Byongeye kandi, abakoresha batuye mu mazu yo mu nzu cyangwa mu mazu yubatswe ku giti cyabo akenshi basanga ibimenyetso bya Bluetooth bidashobora kwinjira mu nkuta, bikababuza gutangira aho bashyushya cyangwa kugenzura uko bashyushya.

• Ibitekerezo by'abakoresha (Reddit / r/ElectricVehiclesUK & Ihuriro ry'Itsinda-BHP):

“Gutanga charge kuri gahunda byarangiritse rwose. Ihinduranya ryikora rihita rizimya kuri porogaramu. Nagerageje gushyira order kuri porogaramu no gushyira order ku modoka gusa, ariko nta kintu gikora. Iyo idatanga charge mu gihe cy'amasaha umunani, bintera igiciro gihenze cyane, ibyo bikaba ari ikibazo gikomeye.”

“Ikintu cyonyine kibabaza iyi mashini yanjye igendanwa ni uko yashoboraga kugenzurwa gusa binyuze kuri Bluetooth. Kuva ku igorofa rya mbere, ntabwo mba ndi hafi y’aho kuyigenzura cyangwa kuyihindura amplifiers. Kuki ibi bintu bidashobora kugira umurongo uhamye wo guhuza?”

3. Guhindura ikimenyetso cya PWM bitera gutwika umurongo uhuza imodoka n'ibindi (Ikosa ry'ibimenyetso n'ibyago byo gushonga ku bikoresho bihendutse)

Ku mbuga zabigize umwuga zigenga imiterere y’imodoka na Reddit, abahanga mu by’amashanyarazi batanze umuburo ukomeye ku bijyanye n’insinga zimwe na zimwe zihendutse zo gusharija ku isoko zidafite ibyangombwa byemewe (nka UL, TÜV)—ibimenyetso byo kugenzura (Control… Aho Pilot charger Station ifite inenge mu miterere yayo ituma imodoka ikoresha umuvuduko ukabije w’amashanyarazi.

• Ishusho y'ubuzima: Nyiri imodoka agura insinga zihendutse zo gusharija zifite agaciro ka 40A (ubusanzwe zigurishwa ku mbuga za interineti z'abandi). Iyo ishyizwe mu modoka ifite imbaraga zirenze urugero zo gusharija (nk'iyi Ford Mustang Mach-E, ishobora kwakira 48A AC), uburyo bwo kugenzura imbere mu kigo cyo gusharija (PWM signal) burakora nabi. Aho kumenyesha imodoka ko ingufu ntarengwa ari 40A, yohereza nabi ikimenyetso gituma ingufu zirenze. Imodoka itangira gukurura ingufu ku muvuduko wose, amaherezo bigatuma uduce tw'umutwe wo gusharija dushonga kandi bishobora kwangiza sharija ihenze y'imodoka iri mu modoka.

• Ibitekerezo by'abakoresha (inyandiko y'impuguke ya Reddit / r/electricvehicles hamwe n'ibitekerezo byababaye):

“Abahanga mu by’iyi modoka ihendutse byagaragaye ko bananiwe cyangwa bari bafite amakuru atari yo… ibwira ibyuma bitanga umuriro w’amashanyarazi ko bishobora gutanga umuriro mwinshi kurusha uko byagenwe. Mach-E yanjye yarenze umupaka, maze pin za J-plug zigera kuri dogere 200 mu gihe cy’iminota 30. Yashongesheje charge port y’imodoka yanjye, kandi ikigo cy’ubucuruzi kirimo kwanga garanti kubera ibikoresho bitari ibya OEM!”

4. Imihangayiko ya tekiniki n'ibiro:

Ibikoresho byo gusharija bitwara imbaraga nyinshi (nk'ibisitasiyo zo gusharija zifite ibyiciro bitatu za 22KW/32Acyangwa sitasiyo zo gusharija za 7.2KW imwe) akenshi ziza zifite insinga ziremereye cyane n'udusanduku duto two kugenzura ibintu bikomeye (ICCBs), biba umutwaro ukomeye mu gihe cyo hanze, mu nkambi, cyangwa mu bihe bidafite imigozi ihamye.

• Imikoreshereze y'ibintu bifatika: Abakoresha bashyira umuriro mu by'agateganyo ibikoresho byabo mu gihe bari mu ngendo zo mu muhanda, mu nkambi, cyangwa mu macumbi akodeshejwe ya Airbnb. Kubera ko amasoko yo ku nkuta (nka CEE cyangwa NEMA 5-15/14-50) ashyirwa hagati y'urukuta kandi nta migozi cyangwa ibishyigikizo byabigenewe, uburemere bwose bw'agasanduku k'ubuyobozi n'insinga ziremereye bitwarwa n'agasanduku k'amashanyarazi gashyirwa mu rukuta n'umurizo mugufi. Gutwara ibiro igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma agasanduku gafunga, kagatera imigozi, ndetse kakanaca cyangwa kagahindura imiterere y'agasanduku ka pulasitiki ku rukuta.

• Ibitekerezo by'abakoresha (Itsinda ry'Abafite EV kuri Facebook na Reddit):

“Ubwo hari insinga nyinshi zirinda ubushyuhe, ni insinga iremereye cyane. Iyo ntashyigikiraga agasanduku kari muri connector igendanwa ngo nkareke kamanuke, uko igihe cyagendaga gihita, iyo mvune y’umubiri yagize ingaruka ku isano iri hagati ya adaptateri n’urukuta. Aho basohokera hashyushye cyane kandi hagacika intege ku buryo nabonaga plastike ihinduka.”

“Agasanduku k’igenzura kararemereye cyane. Kamanitse ku isoko risanzwe rya pariki ya RV, karagonze amenyo y’insinga mu rugendo rw’ibyumweru bibiri. Hakenewe umugozi usanzwe cyangwa uburyo bwiza bwo koroshya imitsi y’ingurube.”

5. Amakosa yo gushingira ku ngingo n'amakosa ya "Ghost":

Nk'igikoresho "gishobora kwimurwa", inyungu yacyo nyamukuru ni ubushobozi bwo gukoresha igihe icyo ari cyo cyose n'aho ari ho hose. Ariko, ubwiza bw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi buratandukanye cyane ahantu hatandukanye (amazu yubatswe mu rugo, amahoteli ashaje, moteri z'agateganyo). Insinga zigendanwa zisharija zifite ubushobozi bwo gupima ubutaka bukomeye cyane cyangwa kutagira "uburyo bwo kunyura mu butaka" akenshi bituma zidakora mu bihe byihutirwa.

• Imikoreshereze y'imodoka mu buryo bufatika: Ba nyir'imodoka bagira impungenge nyinshi iyo bari mu rugendo, amaherezo bakagira amahirwe yo gutiza umugozi usanzwe wo ku rukuta mu nzu y'abashyitsi yo mu cyaro, mu iduka ryo ku muhanda, cyangwa mu nzu ishaje y'inshuti. Ariko, iyo uyishyizemo, sitasiyo yo gusharija ihita icana itara ritukura, igaragaza "Ikosa ryo hasi." Ibi biterwa n'uko insinga zo mu nyubako zishaje zitagira insinga ikwiye yo hasi, cyangwa insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye kandi zikora zigasubira inyuma. Nubwo imodoka zimwe na zimwe zishyigikira gusharija buhoro mu gihe nta nsinga yo hasi ihari (urugero, mu kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi), sitasiyo yo gusharija irafunga gusa kandi ntibe ikoreshwa na gato, bigatuma intego yayo yo kuba "iyihutirwa itwarwa."

• Ibitekerezo by'abakoresha (Facebook / EV Road Trippers Group):

“Naguze isoko ry’inyuma mu iduka ryo hafi aho mu rugendo, ariko chargeur yanjye igendanwa yanze gutangira, igaragaza 'PE Fault' ihoraho (Ikosa ryo Guhagarika). Isoko ry’iduka ryari ryafunguwe. Ndabizi ko ari ikintu cy’umutekano, ariko iyo uhagaze mu nzira, nkeneye cyane uburyo bwo kurenga cyangwa kubirenga kugira ngo nkuremo nibura 6A/8A mu buryo bwizewe!”

CHINAEVSE, nk'inzobere mu bicuruzwa ifite uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi bya EVSE (Electric Vehicle Equipment), tuzi neza ko chargers za EV zigendanwa ziri mu rwego rwo guhinduka, ziva ku "gushobora gusharija" gusa zikagera ku "gusharija neza kandi mu mutekano."

Mu gukemura ibibazo by'ingenzi byavuzwe haruguru, ndatanga igisubizo cy'ibicuruzwa byo mu gisekuru gitaha gihuza "imicungire y'ubushyuhe ihoraho hamwe n'uburyo bwo guhuza ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge."

"Ikinyabutabire gikurikira" cy'ikinyejana gikurikiraInsinga zo gusharija zigendanwaIgisubizo cy'ibicuruzwa

1. Ikibazo cy'ingenzi: "Iterambere ry'ubushyuhe bukabije" riterwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ishonga ry'ibikoresho

Ububabare buriho: Ibirego birenga 65% by'abakoresha biba byiganje mu bihe by'impeshyi cyangwa mu igaraje rifunze, bitewe n'igabanuka ry'ubushobozi bwo gusharija riterwa no gushyuha cyane kw'umutwe w'imbunda. Uburyo bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe buriho ni butunguranye cyane (igabanuka rikomeye) kandi nta burinzi butanga ku mpera y'isoko.

2. Isesengura ryimbitse ry'impamvu nyamukuru

• Imbogamizi ku bikoresho: Ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gusharija birimo gusa uburyo bwo kumenya ubushyuhe mu gasanduku k’igenzura (ICCB), bikirengagiza agace gashyuha cyane—aho icyuma gihurira n’aho gicanira.

• Kudahinduka guhagije kw'ingufu: Ikimenyetso cya PWM mu bisubizo bihendutse ni agaciro kadahinduka kandi ntigishobora guhinduka bitewe n'impinduka za impedance mu gihe nyacyo.

• Gukuraho stress ya Mekaniki: Agasanduku gakomeye gakoresha uburyo bwo kugenzura gatera stress idahuye ku gice cyo gufunga. Ndetse n'icyuho gito cyongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'aho uhagaze. Dukurikije itegeko rya Joule,

Ukwiyongera guke mu kurwanya gukomeretsa R bizatuma ubushyuhe bwiyongera cyane.

3. Igisubizo: Sisitemu yo Kwirinda ya 3D-Link

A. Ikoranabuhanga rya NTC Array rifite amanota atatu

Ibipimo bya NTC by’ubushyuhe bifite ubuhanga buhanitse bishyirwa ahantu hatatu: umutwe w’imbunda isharira, igice cy’imbere cy’agasanduku k’ubuyobozi, n’agace k’urukuta gashyirwamo umuriro.

• Kugabanya Umuvuduko w'Umuyoboro w'Umurongo: Kureka uburyo bwo kuzimya umuriro bwa "0/1″". Iyo ubushyuhe bwa plug bugeze kuri 75°C, sisitemu igabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ku ntambwe ya 1A ku munota kugeza igihe ubushyuhe bugeze.

B. Igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhagarika stress kuri Zero-Pressure (Patenti yo kugabanya stress)

• Udushya mu miterere: Imigozi ya silicone ikora cyane hamwe n'icyuma gifunga inyuma cya rukuruzi bishyirwa inyuma y'agasanduku k'ubuyobozi. Mu bihe by'agateganyo byo gusharija, uburemere bw'agasanduku bushobora gushyirwa ku rukuta cyangwa ku gipfunyika, bigatuma plug ishyirwa mu buryo butambitse kandi bikagabanya ubushobozi bwo guhangana na konti ho hejuru ya 40%.

C. "Inzira yo Guhindura Imodoka" (Adaptive Circuit)

• Uburyo bwo guhuza: Module yubatswemo yo gupima amashanyarazi ishaje. Iyo hagaragaye ikibazo cyo guhagarara ariko uburyo bwo gukingira ibidukikije bukaba buhagije, abakoresha bashobora gukoresha "Uburyo bwihutirwa" (ubu bufite aho bugarukira kuri 8A) bakoresheje porogaramu kugira ngo bakemure ibibazo byo kongeramo amashanyarazi mu buryo bwa wilderness.

4. Amakuru ashyigikira

1. Kongera ingufu vuba 30%: Mu igeragezwa rikomeye ry’ibidukikije kuri 38°C, ibikoresho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "linear smooth current reduction" bikoresha ingufu nkeya 30.2% mu masaha 8 yo kongera ingufu ugereranije n’ibikoresho bisanzwe bya "drop-rate current reduction".

2. 99.9% Ihuza: Hamwe na module ya "Ghost-Ground", igipimo cy'intsinzi mu gukoresha amashanyarazi mu mishinga imwe n'imwe ya kera muri Amerika y'Epfo na Aziya cyazamutse kuva kuri 72% kigera kuri 99.9%.

3. <15°C Kugenzura Izamuka ry'Ubushyuhe: Mu kunoza uburyo bwo gushyiramo ifeza n'imiterere y'udupira tw'icyuma, izamuka ry'ubushyuhe bw'icyuma rigabanukaho 15°C ugereranije n'ibicuruzwa bisanzwe biri ku isoko bifite umuvuduko uhoraho wa 32A wuzuye.

5. Urugero rw'Uburyo bwo Gukoresha: Ikizamini cyo Gushyushya Igicuruzwa mu Muhanda wo mu misozi ya Noruveje

• Incamake: Nyiri imodoka ye yashyuhije imodoka ye mu nzu y’abashyitsi iri kure muri Noruveje. Isoketi yari ishaje kandi idafite insinga y’ubutaka, kandi ubushyuhe bwarahindagurikaga cyane ku zuba.

• Uburyo:

1. Nyuma yo gukoresha porogaramu, hagaragaye umuburo wa "nta nsinga yo hasi", maze ikimenyetso cy'agasanduku k'ubuyobozi kiraka umutuku. Nyiri porogaramu yafunguye "Emergency mode" binyuze muri porogaramu.

2. Nyuma y'amasaha 2 yo gusharija, soketi y'inzu y'abashyitsi yatangiye gushyuha bitewe n'insinga zayo nto, aho igipimo cya NTC cya plug cyageze kuri 80°C.

3. Uburyo bwo gusubiza: Umuyaga wagabanutse buhoro buhoro kandi mu buryo bugororotse kuva kuri 16A kugera kuri 10A, kandi ubushyuhe bwakomeje kuba budahindagurika kuri 72°C.

• Ibisubizo: Nyuma y'amasaha 10 yo gushya, imodoka yazamutseho ibirometero bigera kuri 150 nta kibazo cyo gushya cyangwa ngo igire ikibazo. Nyir'imodoka yagize ati: “Aha ni ho honyine ho gushyariza imodoka hakorera muri aka gace kasizwe n'Imana.”

Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa n'impuguke: Ibibazo 5 Bikunze Kubazwa

Q1: Ese ni ibisanzwe ko plug ishyuha mugihe ishaja?

Igisubizo cy'impuguke: Izamuka risanzwe ry'ubushyuhe (ubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere selisiyusi + 30) riri mu rugero rusanzwe. Ariko, niba ibice bya pulasitiki by'iyi plaque byoroshye cyangwa bifite impumuro mbi, bigomba guhagarara ako kanya. Umuti wacu ukoresha uburyo bwo gukuba bukozwe mu cyuma cya silver-plated hamwe no kugabanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ubushyuhe bw'ubuso bw'iyi plaque buhore buri munsi y'urugero rw' "umuvuduko ushyushye" ubonwa n'intoki z'umuntu.

Ikibazo cya 2: Kuki sitasiyo yanjye yo gusharija ya 32A igaragaza 24A gusa kuri porogaramu?

Igisubizo cy'impuguke: Ibi akenshi biterwa n' "ubwirinzi bukora." Sisitemu imenya ihindagurika ry'amashanyarazi rikabije mu nzu yawe cyangwa izamuka ryihuta ry'ubushyuhe kuri soketi. Kugira ngo urinde charger ihenze iri mu bwato (OBC) n'umutekano w'uruziga rwo mu rugo, ihindura neza umupaka w'amashanyarazi.

Q3: Ese ni byiza gusharija udafite insinga yo hasi?

Igisubizo cy'impuguke: Muri rusange, insinga yo hasi ni yo nzira ya nyuma yo kwikingira. Uburyo bwacu bwo gutabara bugarukira ku gusarija by'igihe gito kandi bufite uburinzi bwo gusohora amazi butuma umuntu adashobora gusohora (amashanyarazi ahita agabanuka ku muvuduko w'amazi > 30mA), bigatuma irushaho kuba nziza kurusha uburyo bwo gukata insinga yo hasi.

Q4: Ese nshobora koza amazi mu buryo butaziguye aho amashanyarazi akorera?

Igisubizo cy'impuguke: Ibikoresho byacu ntibirinda ivumbi rya IP66 kandi ntibishobora kugwa amazi, bivuze ko bishobora kwihanganira imvura nyinshi. Ariko, imiyoboro y'amazi ifite umuvuduko mwinshi irabujijwe cyane, kuko ishobora kwangiza imiyoboro y'amazi no gutuma amazi asohoka gato.

Q5: Kuki insinga y'iyi sitasiyo yo gusharija igendanwa iremereye cyane kurusha izindi ugereranije n'izindi sitasiyo zo gusharija (UL2594 vs EN 62752)? Igisubizo cy'impuguke: "Iremereye" bigaragaza ibikoresho byiza cyane. Kugira ngo dushyigikire amahame y'umutekano ya sitasiyo yo gusharija igendanwa ya 22kW mu masoko akomeye ku isi (nka UL2594 yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru na EN 62752 y'i Burayi), dukoresha umuringa udafite ogisijeni 99.99% kugira ngo dushobore kubona ingufu nyinshi tudashyushye cyane. Kubaka byoroheje akenshi bivuze kugabanya umurambararo w'umuringa, ari na yo mpamvu ikomeye itera ubushyuhe bwinshi n'inkongi.