1. Kwishyuza ibirundo nibikoresho byongerera inyungu ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, kandi hari itandukaniro mu iterambere murugo no mumahanga
1.1. Ikirundo cyo kwishyuza ni igikoresho cyuzuza ingufu kubinyabiziga bishya byingufu
Ikirundo cyo kwishyuza ni igikoresho cyibinyabiziga bishya byingufu kugirango binjize imbaraga zamashanyarazi. Nibinyabiziga bishya byingufu kubyo sitasiyo ya lisayi igomba kugabanuka. Imiterere n'ibikorwa byo gukoresha ibikoresho byo kwishyuza ibirundo birahinduka kuruta sitasiyo ya gaze, kandi ubwoko nabwo bukize. Dukurikije ifishi yo kwishyiriraho, irashobora kugabanywamo ibirundo byashizwemo, ibirundo bihamye, ibirundo bya mobile, nibindi, bikwiranye nuburyo butandukanye bwurubuga;
Dukurikije ibyiciro byimikoreshereze, birashobora kugabanywamo ibirundo rusange, ibirundo byihariye byo kwishyuza, kandi ibirundo byihariye bitanga ibirundo byubwubatsi gusa, kandi ibirundo byihariye byishyurwa muri sosiyete yigenga. Ahantu haparika, ntabwo bifunguye kubaturage;
Dukurikije ibyiciro byihuta (kwishyuza imbaraga), birashobora kugabanywamo ibirundo byihuta byo kwishyuza hamwe nibirundo bitinda; Dukurikije ibyiciro byo kwishyuza ikoranabuhanga, birashobora kugabanywamo ibirundo bishyurwa na AC Kwishyuza. Muri rusange, DC yishyuza ibirundo bifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi yihuta yihuta, mugihe AC yishyuza ibirundo bihatira buhoro.
Muri Amerika, kwishyuza ibirundo bikunze kugabanywa mu nzego zitandukanye ukurikije imbaraga, muri bo urwego 1 naUrwego 2Mubisanzwe ac bishyuza ibinyabiziga hafi yingufu zose, mugihe ubwishyu bwihuse bwibinyabiziga bishya bidakwiriye ibinyabiziga byose byingufu, kandi ubwoko butandukanye bukomoka ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye by'ingufu nka J1772, Chademo, Tesla, nibindi.
Kugeza ubu, nta bufatanye rwose bishingiye ku bipimo byisi ku isi. Uburangare nyamukuru burimo GB / T, Chaomedo wa Ubuyapani, IEC yo mu Buyapani 62196, Amerika ya Amerika Sae J1772, na IEC 62196.
1.2. Gukura kw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu no gufasha politiki bitwara iterambere rirambye ryo kwishyuza ibirundo mu gihugu cyanjye
Inganda nshya yimodoka yingufu zitera imbere vuba. Ibinyabiziga bishya by'igihugu bikomeje gutera imbere, cyane kuva 2020, umubare w'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu wiyongereyeho vuba, kandi ku 2022 igipimo cy'ibinyabiziga bishya byarenze 25%. Umubare w'ibinyabiziga bishya bizakomeza kwiyongera. Dukurikije imibare ya minisiteri y'umutekano rusange, ugereranije n'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu mu mubare w'imodoka muri 2022 uzagera kuri 4.1%.
Leta yatanze politiki nyinshi zo gushyigikira iterambere ry'inganda zishyuza. Kugurisha no gutunga ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu mu gihugu cyanjye bikomeje kwiyongera, no mu buryo buhuye, icyifuzo cyo kwishyuza gikomeje kwaguka. Ni muri urwo rwego, Leta n'amashami yinzego z'ibanze zatanze politiki nyinshi zo guteza imbere iterambere ry'ingabo, harimo inkunga n'ubuyobozi, inkunga y'amafaranga, no ku ntego z'amafaranga.
Hamwe no gukura kw'ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu no gukangura politiki, umubare wo kwishyuza ibirundo mu gihugu cyanjye ukomeje kwiyongera. Kuva 20 Mata, umubare wo kwishyuza ibirundo mu gihugu cyanjye ni miliyoni 6.092. Muri bo, umubare w'abaguzi rusange wiyongereyeho 52% by'umwaka w'imyaka 52%AC Kwishyuza Ibirundokubarwa 58%. Kubera ko ibirundo byigenga biteranya hamwe nibinyabiziga, gukura muburyo burakomeye. Byihuta, hamwe numwaka wumwaka wiyongera 104% kugeza kuri miliyoni 4.07.
Ikigereranyo cy'ibinyabiziga ku kinyabiziga mu gihugu cyanjye ni 2.5: 1, muri byo habaho igipimo cy'ibinyabiziga rusange kuri 7.3: 1. Ikigereranyo cyibinyabiziga kuri-ikirundo, ni ukuvuga ikigereranyo cyibinyabiziga bishya byingufu zo kwishyuza ibirundo. Duhereye ku ibarura ry'ibarura, mu mpera za 2022, Ikigereranyo cy'ibinyabiziga ku birundo mu gihugu cyanjye bizaba bigabanuka buhoro buhoro, ni ukuvuga, ibikoresho birimo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byahoraga bitera imbere. Muri bo, Ikigereranyo cy'ibinyabiziga rusange mu birundo ni 7.3: 1, bimaze kwiyongera buhoro buhoro kuva 2020 kuva mu gihe cya 2020. Impamvu ni uko kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu byakuze vuba kandi igipimo cyo kwiyongera ku birundo rusange bishinja rusange; Ikigereranyo cyibinyabiziga byigenga kuri Pules ni 3.8: 1, byerekana kugabanuka buhoro buhoro. Inzira iterwa ahanini nibintu nko guteza imbere politiki yigihugu kugirango biteze imbere kubaka ibirundo byigenga mu baturage batuye.
Ku bijyanye no gusenyuka kw'abarirundo rusange, umubare w'abanyarusiri rusange: Umubare w'abarundo rusange ≈ 4: 6, bityo igipimo cya DC rusange kivuga kuri 17.2: 1, kiri hejuru y'ibirundo rusange byangiza 12.6: 1.
Igipimo cyimikino yiyongera kuri kirugi cyerekana buhoro buhoro muburyo rusange. Duhereye ku buryo bwiyongera, kuva buri kwezi ibirundo bishya bishyuza, cyane cyane ibirundo rusange, ntibifitanye isano rya bugufi no kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu, bifite ihindagurika binini kandi biganisha ku gihingwa gishya cya buri kwezi. Kubwibyo, buri gihembwe caliber ikoreshwa mukubara igipimo cyimikino yiyongera ku kinyabiziga, ni ukuvuga ku buryo bwongeyeho ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu: umubare w'ibirundo bishya. Muri 2023q1, uruganda rushya rwongeyeho igipimo cyimodoka ni 2.5: 1, kwerekana inzira yo kumanuka buhoro buhoro. Muri bo, igipimo gishya cy'imodoka-ikirundo ni 9.8: 1, hamwe no kongeramo igipimo gishya cyihariye cyigiti cyigenga ni 3.4: 1, bigaragaza kandi iterambere ryinshi. Inzira.
1.3. Kubaka ibikoresho byo kwishyuza mumahanga ntabwo bitunganye, kandi ubushobozi bwo gukura ni bwinshi
1.3.1. Uburayi: Iterambere ryingufu nshya riratandukanye, ariko hariho icyuho cyo kwishyuza ibirundo
Ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu muburayi biratera imbere byihuse kandi bifite igipimo kinini cyinjira. Uburayi nimwe mu turere duha agaciro cyane kurwanya ibidukikije ku isi. Gutwarwa na politiki n'amabwiriza, inganda nshya z'ibinyabiziga by'ibinyabiziga zitera vuba kandi igipimo cy'ibiciro gishya kiri hejuru. Yageze kuri 21.2%.
Ikigereranyo cy'ibinyabiziga ku kinyabiziga mu Burayi kiri hejuru, kandi hari icyuho kinini cyo kwishyuza. Nk'uko imibare ya Iea abitangaza ibirundo rusange mu Burayi bizaba nko ku nkombe 14.4: 1 muri 2022, muri ibyo bipurusiri byihuta byihuta bizamara gusa 13%. Nubwo isoko ryibinyabiziga bishya byibinyabiziga ritera vuba, kubaka ibikoresho bihuye ninyuma, kandi hari ibibazo nkibikoresho bike byo kwishyuza hamwe numuvuduko utinze.
Iterambere ry'ingufu nshya ritaringaniye mu bihugu by'Uburayi, kandi ikigereranyo cy'ibinyabiziga rusange nacyo kiratandukanye. Ku bijyanye na subdivision, Noruveje na Suwede bafite igipimo kinini cyo kwishora mu mbaraga nshya, kugera kuri 73.5% na 49.1% ndetse no mu kigereranyo cy'ibinyabiziga rusange kiri hejuru y'impuzandengo y'ibihugu byombi, kigera kuri 32.8: 1 na 25.0 bikurikiranye: 1.
Ubudage, Ubwongereza, n'Ubufaransa ni ibihugu binini byo kugurisha imodoka mu Burayi, kandi igipimo cy'ibicuruzwa gishya nacyo kiri hejuru. Muri 2022, umubare mushya w'ingufu wo Kwinjira mu Budage, Ubwongereza, n'Ubufaransa bazagera 28.2%, 20.3%, na 17.3%, n'ibipimo by'imodoka rusange bizaba 24.5: 1, na 11.8: 1, 1: 1, 1.8, 1.
Ku bijyanye na politiki, Umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi n'ibihugu byinshi by'Uburayi byatangije politiki itesha agaciro cyangwa yashyizeho gahunda yo kwishyuza ajyanye no kubaka ibikoresho bishyuza kugirango bishishimure ibikoresho bishinja.
1.3.2. Amerika: Guhanganira ibikoresho bigomba gutezwa imbere byihutirwa, kandi guverinoma n'inzego bikorera hamwe
Nkimwe mu masoko manini mu isi, Amerika yateye imbere buhoro buhoro mu rwego rw'ingufu nshya kurusha Ubushinwa n'Uburayi. Muri 2022, kugurisha ibinyabiziga bishya bizarenga miliyoni 1, hamwe nigiciro cyinjira hagati ya 7.0%.
Muri icyo gihe, iterambere ry'isoko rusange ryishyurwa muri Amerika ririmo buhoro, kandi ibikoresho byo kwishyuza kwa rusange ntabwo byuzuye. Muri 2022, igipimo cy'ibinyabiziga rusange cyakorewe muri Amerika kizaba 23.1: 1, muri ibyo bipurungo bya Leta bishinja 21.9%.
Amerika na leta zimwe nazo zasabye kandi politiki itera imbaraga zo kwishyuza, harimo n'umushinga na guverinoma y'Amerika kubaka ibirundo 500.000 bishyuza miliyoni 7.5. Ibihugu byose biboneka muri gahunda ya Nevi ni miliyoni 615 z'amadolari muri FY 2022 na miliyoni 885 z'amadolari yo kugira uruhare muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika zigomba gukorwa muri Amerika.
Usibye gutanga politiki, kwishyuza amasosiyete yintoki n'amasosiyete y'imodoka nayo yateje imbere kubaka ibikoresho birimo kwishyuza, harimo no gufungura Tesla, BP nandi masosiyete yimodoka afatanya no kubaka ibirundo.
Amaso menshi yishyurwa kwisi yose kandi ashora imari muri Amerika gushyiraho icyicaro gikuru, ibikoresho cyangwa imirongo yumusaruro kugirango bitanga ibirundo byo muri Amerika.
2. Hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse ryinganda, isoko ryishyurwa ryamahoro rihinduka cyane
2.1. Inzitizi yo gukora ibinyoma muri module yo kwishyuza, kandi inzitizi yo kujya mumahanga aryamye mubyemezo bisanzwe
2.1.1. Ac Pile ifite inzitizi nke, kandi ishingiro rya DC niryo module
Inzitizi yo gukora ya AC Kwishyuza Ibirundo biri hasi, hamwe na module yo kwishyuza muriDC Yishyuzanigice cyibanze. Dukurikije ihame ryakazi hamwe n'imiterere y'ibihimbano, guhindura ibinyabiziga bishya by'ingufu bigerwaho n'imodoka mu kinyabiziga mukinyabiziga mugihe cya AC Kwishyuza, niko imiterere yikirundo cya AC cyoroshye kandi ikiguzi ni gito. Mu kwishyuza DC, inzira yo guhindura kuva kuri ac kugeza kuri DC igomba kurangira imbere yikirundo cyo kwishyuza, niko bigomba kugerwaho na module yo kwishyuza. Module yishyuza igira ingaruka kumutekano wumuzunguruko, imikorere n'umutekano bya ikirundo cyose. Nibice byingenzi bya DC bishyuza hamwe na kimwe mubice hamwe ninzitizi ndende. Kwishyuza Isomo rya Module harimo Huawei, imbaraga za infy, sinexcel, nibindi
2.1.2. Kunyura mu mahanga Icyemezo gisanzwe ni ikintu gikenewe mubucuruzi bwo hanze
Inzitizi zemezo zibaho mu masoko yo mu mahanga. Ubushinwa, Uburayi, na Amerika yatanze ibipimo byemewe byo kwemeza ibirundo, kandi ibyemezo byatsinze ni ngombwa kugirango winjire ku isoko. Ihame ry'Ubushinwa ririmo CQC, n'ibindi, ariko nta ngamba zemeza ziteganijwe ku gihe. Ibipimo ngemezo muri Amerika birimo Ul, FCC, inyenyeri y'ingufu, n'ibindi Muri rusange, ingorane zo gutanga ibyemezo ni Amerika> Uburayi> Ubushinwa.
2.2. Imbere: Kwibanda cyane ku bikorwa birangiye, amarushanwa akaze muri ikirundo cyose, kandi akomeza gukura umwanya
Kwibanda ku kwishyuza kw'ibintu byo mu rugo birakomeye, kandi hari abanywanyi benshi mu birundo byose birimo kwishyuza, kandi imiterere iratatanye. Dukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyuza ikirundo cyo kwishyuza, terefone na Xingxing Kwishyuza Hafi ya 40% yisoko rusange ryibintu rusange, hamwe nisoko ryisoko ryurubuga rwa DC CR5. Urebye isoko ryose kuva hasi kugeza hejuru, bashizeho kandi icyitegererezo kimwe, nka terefone, kandi hasi, igicu cyo kwishyuza, kandi ahanini utanga umusaruro w'inganda, kandi hashyizweho umujinya w'inganda, kandi hashyizweho umujinya w'inganda, kandi ahanini utanga umusaruro w'inganda utanga ibisubizo bya gatatu. Hariho abakora ibirundo byose mu Bushinwa. Usibye kwishyira hamwe kwishyira hamwe nka terefone ninyenyeri bishyuza, imiterere yumuriro yose iratatanye.
Umubare w'abarundo rusange mu gihugu cyanjye biteganijwe ko bazagera kuri miliyoni 7.6 muri 2030. Urebye iterambere ry'inganda z'ibinyabiziga nkoresheje miliyoni 4.4 zizagera kuri miliyoni 4.4, na 2025E. bikurikiranye. Muri icyo gihe, umubare w'abarundo rusange bishyuza ibirundo rusange nabo bazagenda biyongera buhoro buhoro. Bivugwa ko saa 2030, 47.4% by'abarundo rusange bishyuza bizagira ibirundo byihuse, bigatuma mutezimbere uburambe bwabakoresha.
2.3. Uburayi: Kubaka ibirundo bishyuza byihuta, kandi igipimo cya pirisi yihuta yiyongera
Gufata Ubwongereza nk'urugero, isoko ryibanda ku kwishyuza ibinyarundirunishirishi byari munsi y'ubw'Ubushinwa. Nkimwe mubihugu byingenzi byingufu muburayi, umubare wibirundo rusange mu Bwongereza muri Amerika muri 2022. Ukurikije isoko ryishyurwa ryabongereza, muri rusange ryibanda ku isoko ry'Ubushinwa. Mu Isoko rusange ryibinyabuzima, UBITric, Pod Point, BP Pulse, nibindi bifite imvura yo hejuru, CR5 = 45.3%. Ibirundo rusange bishyuza hamwe nibirundo byihuta muribayashi muri bo, Instavolt, BP Pulserger (harimo na tesla supercharger (harimo na tesla-yihariye), na cr5 = 52.7%. Ku ruganda rwose rwo gukora ibinyabuzima, abakinyi bakomeye ku isoko barimo Abb, Siemens, Schneider hamwe nizindi mbundiro zinganda zimenya imiterere yinganda zishyuza. Kurugero, BP yabonye imwe mumasosiyete manini yamashanyarazi mubwongereza muri 2018. 1. Ikirego na Shell wabonye Ubitirity nabandi muri 2021 (BP na Shell byombi nibikoresho bya peteroli).
Muri 2030, umubare wibirundo rusange byishyurwa muburayi biteganijwe ko uzagera kuri miliyoni 2.38, kandi igipimo cya pirisi yihuta kizakomeza kwiyongera. According to estimates, by 2025 and 2030, the number of public charging piles in Europe will reach 1.2 million and 2.38 million respectively, and the CAGR of 2022-2025E and 2025E-2030E will be 32.8% and 14.7% respectively. Azategeka, ariko igipimo cyibirundo rusange bishyuza nabyo byiyongera. Bivugwa ko saa 2030, 20, 20.2% by'abarundo rusange bishyuza bizagira ibirundo byihuse.
2.4. Amerika: Umwanya w'isoko urahinduka, kandi ibirango byaho byiganje
Ubushakashatsi bwo kwishyuza isoko muri Amerika burenze iyo yo mu Bushinwa n'Uburayi, hamwe n'ibirango byaho byiganje. Dukurikije umubare wimbuga zo kwishyuza, kwishyuza zifata umwanya wambere hamwe na 54.9%, bikurikirwa na tesla hamwe na tasla hamwe na 10.9% (harimo no guhumbya hamwe na Semachage, nibisosiyete y'Abanyamerika. Dukurikije umubare wimibare yishyuza ibyambu bishyuza, biracyashyingiranywe kurenza ibindi bigo, kubara 39.3%, bikurikirwa na tesla, bikurikirwa na tesla, bikurikirwa na tesla, bikurikirwa na 2.2% cyane), hakurikiraho urwego rwabanyamerika.
Muri 2030, umubare wibirundo rusange muri Amerika biteganijwe ko bizagera kuri miliyoni 1.38, naho umubare wibirundo byihuta bizakomeza gutera imbere. Dukurikije ibigereranyo, muri 2025 na 2030, umubare w'abarundo rusange muri Amerika bazagera kuri miliyoni 550.000 na miliyoni 1.22-2025e na 2025E-60% na 20.2%. Bisa nibihe byo mu Burayi, kwishyuza buhoro ibirundo biracyafite ubwinshi, ariko igipimo cyibirundo byihuta bizakomeza gutera imbere. Bigereranijwe ko muri 2030, 27.5% by'abarundo rusange bishyuza bizagira ibirundo byihuse.
2.5. Kubara ku isoko
Dushingiye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ry'inganda rusange zishyuza mu Bushinwa, Uburayi, na Amerika, bifatwa ko umubare w'abaguzi rusange uzakura kuri cagr mu gihe cya 2022-2025E Kubijyanye nigiciro cyigiciro, kwishyuza cyane kwishyuza ibirundo bigizwe na 2000-4,000 Yuan / Gushiraho, hamwe nibiciro by'amahanga ni amadorari 300-600 / se). Igiciro cya 120KW yihuta-kwishyuza vuba ni 50.0000.000 yuan / set, mugihe igiciro cyamadorari 50-35,50kw, nigiciro cya 120kw byihuse-amadorari / set. Bigereranijwe ko muri 2025, aho isoko yuzuye y'ibirundo rusange mu Bushinwa, Uburayi, ndetse na Amerika bizagera kuri miliyari 71.06.
3. Isesengura ryibigo byingenzi
Amasosiyete yo mu mahanga mu nganda zishyuza ibijumba, Evbox, guhumbya, bp pulse, abb, siemens, n'ibindiChineevse, Tgood, gresgyng, nibindi muri bo, amasosiyete yimbere mu rugo nayo yateye imbere mu mahanga. Kurugero, ibicuruzwa bimwe bya Chineevse byabonye UL, CSA, icyemezo cyinyenyeri cyingufu muri Amerika na CE, UKCca, icyemezo cyo hagati mubumwe bwi Burayi. Chineevse yinjiye kurutonde rwa BP yo kwishyuza urutoki nabakora.
Igihe cyohereza: Jul-10-2023