Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo imodoka nshya ikoresha amashanyarazi ibe yuzuye?

Bitwara igihe kingana iki kugira ngo imodoka nshya ikoresha amashanyarazi ibe yuzuye?
Hari formula yoroshye y'igihe cyo gusharija imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu zikoresha amashanyarazi:
Igihe cyo Gusharija = Ubushobozi bwa Bateri / Ingufu zo Gusharija
Dukurikije iyi formula, dushobora kubara mu buryo bwihuse igihe bizatwara kugira ngo bishaje neza.
Uretse ubushobozi bwa batiri n'imbaraga zo gusharija, bifitanye isano itaziguye n'igihe cyo gusharija, gusharija kuringaniye n'ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere nabyo ni ibintu bikunze kugira ingaruka ku gihe cyo gusharija.

1. Ubushobozi bwa batiri
Ubushobozi bwa batiri ni kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi bipima imikorere y'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Muri make, uko batiri iba nini, ni ko imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi menshi, kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha ni kirekire; uko batiri iba nto, ni ko imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi make, kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha ni gito. Ubushobozi bwa batiri bw'imodoka zikoresha ingufu nshya zikoresha ingufu z'amashanyarazi akenshi buba hagati ya 30kWh na 100kWh.
Urugero:
① Ubushobozi bwa bateri ya Chery eQ1 ni 35kWh, kandi igihe cya bateri ni kilometero 301;
② Ubushobozi bwa bateri ya Tesla Model X ishobora kumara igihe kinini ni 100kWh, kandi intera yo kugenda mu kirere igera no kuri kilometero 575.
Ubushobozi bwa batiri y'imodoka nshya ikoresha ingufu zidasanzwe ni buke, muri rusange hagati ya 10kWh na 20kWh, bityo uburebure bwayo bwo kugenda mu mazi nabwo buri hasi, ubusanzwe buri hagati ya kilometero 50 na kilometero 100.
Kuri ubwo buryo bumwe, iyo uburemere bw'ikinyabiziga n'imbaraga za moteri ari bimwe, uko bateri iba nini, niko urwego rwo hejuru rw'urugendo rw'imodoka rurushaho kwiyongera.

Verisiyo ya BAIC New Energy EU5 R500 ifite ubuzima bwa batiri bwa kilometero 416 n'ubushobozi bwa batiri bwa 51kWh. Verisiyo ya R600 ifite ubuzima bwa batiri bwa kilometero 501 n'ubushobozi bwa batiri bwa 60.2kWh.

2. Ingufu zo gusharija
Ingufu zo gusharija ni ikindi kimenyetso cy'ingenzi kigena igihe cyo gusharija. Ku modoka imwe, uko imbaraga zo gusharija ziba nyinshi, ni ko igihe cyo gusharija kiba gito. Ingufu nyazo zo gusharija z'imodoka nshya y'amashanyarazi zifite ibintu bibiri biyigiraho ingaruka: imbaraga ntarengwa z'umuzingo wo gusharija n'imbaraga ntarengwa zo gusharija AC z'imodoka y'amashanyarazi, naho imbaraga nyazo zo gusharija zigira agaciro gato muri izi ebyiri.
A. Ingufu ntarengwa z'umurundo wo gusharija
Ingufu zisanzwe zo gushyushya amashanyarazi ya AC ni 3.5kW na 7kW, umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gushyushya amashanyarazi wa 3.5kW EV Charger ni 16A, naho umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gushyushya amashanyarazi wa 7kW EV Charger ni 32A.

B. Ingufu ntarengwa zo gusharija imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi
Ingufu ntarengwa zo gushyushya AC ku binyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu zikomoka ku mashanyarazi zigaragarira ahanini mu ngingo eshatu.
① Aho gusharija AC
Ibisobanuro by'aho amashanyarazi anyura ubusanzwe biboneka ku kirango cya EV. Ku modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi gusa, igice cy'aho amashanyarazi anyura ni 32A, bityo imbaraga zo gusharija zishobora kugera kuri 7kW. Hariho kandi aho amashanyarazi anyura afite 16A, nka Dongfeng Junfeng ER30, aho amashanyarazi ntarengwa afite ni 16A n'imbaraga ni 3.5kW.
Bitewe n'ubushobozi bwa batiri ntoya, iyi modoka ifite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya bwa 16A AC, kandi imbaraga ntarengwa zo gushyushya ni 3.5kW. Hari ubwoko buke bwa moderi, nka BYD Tang DM100, bufite ubushobozi bwo gushyushya bwa 32A AC, kandi imbaraga ntarengwa zo gushyushya zishobora kugera kuri 7kW (hafi 5.5kW bipimirwa n'abakoresha).

② Ingufu nke zo gushyira charger mu ndege
Iyo ukoresha AC EV Charger mu gusharija imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, inshingano z'ingenzi za AC EV Charger ni ugutanga amashanyarazi no kuyarinda. Igice gihindura amashanyarazi kigahindura amashanyarazi asimburana mu gusharija bateri ni charger iri mu bwato. Ingufu nke z'amashanyarazi zigize charger iri mu bwato zizagira ingaruka zitaziguye ku gihe cyo gusharija.

Urugero, BYD Song DM ikoresha uburyo bwo gusharija bwa 16A AC, ariko umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gusharija ushobora kugera kuri 13A gusa, kandi ingufu ni 2.8kW ~ 2.9kW. Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko sharija iri mu bwato igabanya umuvuduko ntarengwa wo gusharija kuri 13A, bityo nubwo icyuma cyo gusharija cya 16A gikoreshwa mu gusharija, umuvuduko nyawo wo gusharija ni 13A naho ingufu ni 2.9kW.

Byongeye kandi, kubera umutekano n'izindi mpamvu, imodoka zimwe na zimwe zishobora gushyiraho umupaka w'amashanyarazi unyura muri central control cyangwa APP igendanwa. Nka Tesla, umupaka w'amashanyarazi urashobora gushyirwaho unyuze muri central control. Iyo pile yo gusharija ishobora gutanga umupaka ntarengwa wa 32A, ariko umupaka wo gusharija ukaba kuri 16A, icyo gihe izashyirwa kuri 16A. Mu by'ukuri, imiterere y'amashanyarazi inashyiraho umupaka w'amashanyarazi unyura muri charger.

Muri make: ubushobozi bwa bateri ya verisiyo isanzwe ya model3 ni hafi 50 KWh. Kubera ko charger iri mu bwato ishyigikira imbaraga ntarengwa zo gusharija zigera kuri 32A, igice cy'ingenzi gikora ku gihe cyo gusharija ni icyuma gishyushya AC.

3. Kunganya amafaranga
Gusharija neza bivuga gukomeza gusharija igihe runaka nyuma yo kurangiza gusharija rusange, kandi sisitemu yo gucunga bateri ifite voltage nyinshi izahuza buri selile ya bateri ya lithium. Gusharija neza bishobora gutuma voltage ya buri selile ya bateri iba imwe, bityo bigatuma imikorere rusange ya bateri ifite voltage nyinshi ikomeza. Igihe mpuzandengo cyo gusharija imodoka gishobora kuba amasaha 2.

4. Ubushyuhe bw'ikirere
Bateri y'amashanyarazi y'imodoka nshya ikoresha ingufu ni bateri ya lithium ternary cyangwa bateri ya lithium fer phosphate. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hasi, umuvuduko w'ingendo za lithium ion muri bateri uragabanuka, imikorere ya shimi iragabanuka, kandi imbaraga za bateri zikaba nke, ibyo bigatuma igihe cyo gusharija kiramba. Hari imodoka zishyushya bateri kugeza ku bushyuhe runaka mbere yo gusharija, ibyo kandi bizongera igihe cyo gusharija bateri.

Bigaragara ko igihe cyo gushyushya cyavuye mu bushobozi bwa bateri/imbaraga zo gusharija ari kimwe n'igihe nyacyo cyo gushyushya, aho imbaraga zo gusharija ari ntoya ugereranyije n'imbaraga z'umugozi wo gushyushya wa AC n'imbaraga z'umushoferi uri mu bwato. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya no gusharija, gutandukana ni mu masaha 2.