Ku ya 13 Nzeri, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yatangaje ko GB / T 20234.1-2023 "Guhuza ibikoresho byo kwishyuza neza ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi Igice cya 1: Intego rusange" biherutse gutangwa na Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho kandi biri mu bubasha bwa komite y’igihugu ishinzwe tekinike y’imodoka. Ibisabwa "na GB / T 20234.3-2023" Guhuza ibikoresho byo kwishyuza neza ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi Igice cya 3: Imiyoboro ya DC yo kwishyuza "ibipimo bibiri byasabwe byashyizwe ahagaragara kumugaragaro.
Mugihe nkurikiza igihugu cyanjye muri iki gihe cyo kwishyuza DC yuburyo bwa tekiniki no kwemeza guhuza isi yose hamwe nuburyo bushya bwo kwishyuza, igipimo gishya cyongera amashanyarazi menshi kuva kuri amps 250 kugeza kuri amps 800 hamwe nimbaraga zo kwishyuza kugeza800 kw, akongeraho gukonjesha gukora, kugenzura ubushyuhe nibindi bintu bifitanye isano. Ibisabwa bya tekiniki, gutezimbere no kunoza uburyo bwikizamini kumiterere yubukanishi, ibikoresho byo gufunga, ubuzima bwa serivisi, nibindi.
Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho yerekanye ko ibipimo byo kwishyuza ari byo shingiro ry’imikoranire hagati y’ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi n’ibikoresho byo kwishyuza ndetse no kwishyuza neza kandi byizewe. Mu myaka yashize, uko ibinyabiziga bigenda byamashanyarazi bigenda byiyongera kandi n’umuriro wa bateri w’amashanyarazi ukiyongera, abaguzi barasaba cyane ko ibinyabiziga byuzuza ingufu z’amashanyarazi vuba. Ikoranabuhanga rishya, imiterere mishya yubucuruzi, nibisabwa bishya bigereranywa n "amashanyarazi akomeye ya DC kwishyuza" bikomeje kugaragara, bimaze kuba ubwumvikane rusange mu nganda kwihutisha ivugurura no kunoza ibipimo byumwimerere bijyanye no kwishyuza.
Dukurikije iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi n'amahanga n'ibisabwa, Minisiteri y'inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga ryateguye mu buryo busanzwe bwo guhuza n'imiterere ya 2015. Igihe kimwe cyunama ibyifuzo nyabyo bya DC Imbaraga nke kandi amashanyarazi menshi.
Mu ntambwe ikurikiraho, Minisiteri y’inganda n’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho izategura inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo zimenyekanishe mu buryo bwimbitse, kuzamura no gushyira mu bikorwa amahame y’ibihugu byombi, guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi akomeye ya DC hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rindi, kandi bigashyiraho ibidukikije byiterambere by’iterambere ry’inganda nshya z’imodoka n’inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ibidukikije byiza. Kwishyuza gahoro byahoze ari intandaro yububabare munganda zamashanyarazi.
Raporo yakozwe na Soochow Securities ivuga ko impuzandengo yo kwishyuza ya tewolojiya ya moderi igurishwa ishyushye ishyigikira kwishyurwa byihuse mu 2021 ni nka 1C (C igereranya igipimo cyo kwishyuza cya sisitemu ya bateri. Mu magambo y’abalayiki, kwishyuza 1C birashobora kwishyuza sisitemu ya bateri mu minota 60), ni ukuvuga ko bisaba iminota igera kuri 30 kugira ngo ugere kuri SOC 30% -80%, kandi ubuzima bwa bateri ni NED 219k.
Mubikorwa, ibinyabiziga byinshi byamashanyarazi bisaba iminota 40-50 yo kwishyuza kugirango ugere kuri SOC 30% -80% kandi birashobora kugenda ibirometero 150-200. Niba igihe cyo kwinjira no kuva kuri sitasiyo yumuriro (iminota 10) kirimo, imodoka yumuriro wamashanyarazi itwara isaha 1 yo kwishyuza irashobora gutwara mumihanda mugihe kirenze isaha 1.
Gutezimbere no gukoresha tekinoroji nka power-power DC yishyurwa bizakenera kurushaho kuzamura umuyoboro wishyuza mugihe kizaza. Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga yabanje kwerekana ko igihugu cyanjye cyubatse umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi ufite umubare munini w’ibikoresho byo kwishyuza hamwe n’ahantu hanini ho gukwirakwiza. Byinshi mubikoresho bishya byo kwishyuza rusange ni DC ibikoresho byihuta byihuta hamwe na 120kW cyangwa hejuru.7kW AC gahoro gahorobabaye ibisanzwe mu bikorera. Ikoreshwa rya DC yihuta cyane ryamamaye mubijyanye nimodoka zidasanzwe. Ibikoresho rusange byishyurwa bifite ibicu bihuza imiyoboro yo gukurikirana-igihe. ubushobozi, gushakisha ikirundo cya APP no kwishyura kumurongo byakoreshejwe henshi, kandi tekinolojiya mishya nko kwishyiriraho ingufu nyinshi, kwishyuza amashanyarazi make, kwishyuza byikora no kwishyuza kuri gahunda bigenda byiyongera mubikorwa.
Mu bihe biri imbere, Minisiteri y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga izibanda ku ikoranabuhanga n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi bigamije kwishyuza no guhinduranya neza, nk’ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze ry’imodoka ihuza ibicu, uburyo bwo gutegura uburyo bwo kwishyuza no gukoresha uburyo bwa tekinoroji yo gucunga neza, ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze rikoresha amashanyarazi adafite amashanyarazi menshi, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryo gusimbuza bateri amashanyarazi vuba. Shimangira ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga.
Ku rundi ruhande,amashanyarazi menshi ya DCshyira ibisabwa hejuru kumikorere ya bateri yingufu, ibice byingenzi byimodoka zamashanyarazi.
Dukurikije isesengura rya Soochow Securities, mbere ya byose, kongera igipimo cyo kwishyuza cya batiri binyuranye n’ihame ryo kongera ubwinshi bw’ingufu, kubera ko umuvuduko mwinshi usaba uduce duto duto tw’ibikoresho bya electrode nziza kandi mbi, kandi ingufu nyinshi zisaba ibice binini by’ibikoresho byiza kandi bibi.
Icya kabiri, kwishyuza umuvuduko mwinshi murwego rwimbaraga nyinshi bizazana uburemere bukomeye bwa lithium yoherejwe hamwe ningaruka zo kubyara ubushyuhe kuri bateri, bigatuma umutekano wa bateri ugabanuka.
Muri byo, ibikoresho bya batiri bibi bya electrode nibintu nyamukuru bigabanya kwishyurwa byihuse. Ni ukubera ko grafite ya electrode itari nziza ikozwe mu mpapuro za graphene, na ion ya lithium yinjira mu rupapuro binyuze mu mpande. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo kwishyuza byihuse, electrode itari nziza igera vuba kurwego rwubushobozi bwayo bwo gukuramo ion, hanyuma ion ya lithium itangira gukora lithium yicyuma ikomeye hejuru yibice bya grafite, ni ukuvuga ibisekuru bya Lithium yimvura. Imvura ya Litiyumu izagabanya agace keza ka electrode mbi ya lithium ion igomba gushyirwamo. Ku ruhande rumwe, bigabanya ubushobozi bwa bateri, byongera imbaraga zimbere, kandi bigabanya igihe cyo kubaho. Kurundi ruhande, kristu yimbere ikura ikanatandukanya, bigira ingaruka kumutekano.
Porofeseri Wu Ningning n'abandi bo muri Shanghai Handwe Industry Co., Ltd. na bo banditse mbere ko kugira ngo tunoze ubushobozi bwihuse bwo kwishyiriraho ingufu za batiri z'amashanyarazi, ni ngombwa kongera umuvuduko wo kwimuka kwa ioni ya lithium mu bikoresho bya cathode ya batiri kandi byihutisha kwinjiza ioni ya lithium mu bikoresho bya anode. Kunoza imiyoboro ya ionic ya electrolyte, hitamo itandukanyirizo ryihuta ryihuta, utezimbere ionic na electronique ya electrode, hanyuma uhitemo ingamba zikwiye zo kwishyuza.
Nyamara, icyo abaguzi bashobora gutegereza ni uko kuva umwaka ushize, amasosiyete akoresha bateri yo mu gihugu yatangiye guteza imbere no kohereza bateri zishyurwa vuba. Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, CATL iyoboye yasohoye bateri ya 4C Shenxing yongerewe ingufu zishingiye kuri sisitemu nziza ya lithium fer fosifate (4C bivuze ko bateri ishobora kwishyurwa byuzuye mugihembwe cyisaha), ishobora kugera kuri "iminota 10 yo kwishyuza hamwe na 400 kw" Umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwishyurwa. Mubushyuhe busanzwe, bateri irashobora kwishyurwa 80% SOC muminota 10. Muri icyo gihe, CATL ikoresha tekinoroji yo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa selile kuri sisitemu ya sisitemu, ishobora gushyushya vuba ubushyuhe bwiza bwo gukora mubushuhe buke. Ndetse no mubushyuhe buke bwa -10 ° C, irashobora kwishyurwa 80% muminota 30, ndetse no mubushuhe buke bwa Zero-ijana-yihuta yihuta ntabwo yangirika mumashanyarazi.
Nk’uko CATL ibitangaza, bateri zirenze urugero za Shenxing zizakorwa cyane muri uyu mwaka kandi zizaba izambere mu gukoreshwa muri moderi ya Avita.
Bateri ya CATL ya 4C Kirin yihuta cyane ishingiye kubintu bya ternary lithium cathode nayo yashyize ahagaragara moderi nziza yumuriro wamashanyarazi uyumwaka, kandi iherutse gushyira ahagaragara super super yo mu bwoko bwa krypton nziza cyane yo guhiga 001FR.
Usibye Ningde Times, mu yandi masosiyete akoresha bateri yo mu gihugu, Ubushinwa New Aviation yashyizeho inzira ebyiri, kare na silindrike nini, mu murima wa 800V wihuta cyane. Batteri ya kare ishyigikira 4C kwishyurwa byihuse, na bateri nini ya silindrike ishyigikira 6C byihuse. Kubyerekeranye nigisubizo cya batiri prismatic, China Innovation Aviation itanga Xpeng G9 hamwe nigisekuru gishya cya batiri ya lithium yumuriro wihuse hamwe na bateri yo hagati ya nikel yo hagati ya voltage nini cyane yakozwe na 800V yumuriro mwinshi, ushobora kugera kuri SOC kuva 10% kugeza 80% muminota 20.
Ingufu za Honeycomb zasohoye Bateri ya Dragon Scale Batteri mu 2022.Bateri irashobora guhuza ibisubizo byuzuye bya sisitemu ya chimique nka fer-lithium, ternary, na cobalt idafite. Irimo 1.6C-6C sisitemu yo kwishyuza byihuse kandi irashobora gushyirwaho kuri moderi ya A00-D yo mucyiciro. Icyitegererezo giteganijwe gushyirwa mubikorwa rusange mugihembwe cya kane 2023.
Yiwei Lithium Energy izarekura sisitemu nini ya silindrike π sisitemu mu 2023.Ikoranabuhanga rya "π" ryo gukonjesha rishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo kwishyurwa vuba no gushyushya bateri. Batiyeri 46 zayo za batiri nini ziteganijwe kuzakorwa cyane kandi zigatangwa mugihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023.
Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, Isosiyete ya Sunwanda yabwiye kandi abashoramari ko bateri "flash charge" kuri ubu yatangijwe n’uru ruganda ku isoko rya BEV ishobora guhuzwa na 800V y’amashanyarazi menshi na 400V isanzwe y’amashanyarazi. Ibicuruzwa byihuta byihuta bya 4C ibicuruzwa byageze ku musaruro mwinshi mu gihembwe cya mbere. Iterambere rya bateri ya 4C-6C "flash charging" iratera imbere neza, kandi ibintu byose birashobora kugera kubuzima bwa bateri ya 400 kw muminota 10.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-17-2023