Ku ya 13 Nzeri, Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru yatangaje ko amabwiriza abiri y’igihugu ya GB/T 20234.1-2023 "Ibikoresho bihuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi Igice cya 1: Intego Rusange" aherutse gutangwa na Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru kandi agengwa n'amategeko ya Komite y'Igihugu ishinzwe Gutunganya Ibinyabiziga. Ibisabwa" na GB/T 20234.3-2023 "Ibikoresho bihuza imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi Igice cya 3: Uburyo bwo Gutanga amashanyarazi bwa DC" yashyizwe ahagaragara ku mugaragaro.
Nubwo nkurikiza ibisubizo bya tekiniki bya DC charger interface byo mu gihugu cyanjye kandi ngahamya ko charger interface nshya n'iza kera zihuye neza, iyi standard nshya yongera imbaraga zo charger kuva kuri 250 amp kugeza kuri 800 amp n'imbaraga zo charger kugeza kuri800 kw, kandi yongeraho ubukonje bukora, kugenzura ubushyuhe n'ibindi bifitanye isano. Ibisabwa mu bya tekiniki, kunoza no kunoza uburyo bwo gupima imiterere ya mekanike, ibikoresho bifunga, igihe cyo gukora, nibindi.
Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru yagaragaje ko amahame yo gushyushya ari yo shingiro ryo kwemeza ko habaho imikoranire hagati y'ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo gushyushya ndetse no gushyushya mu buryo bwizewe kandi bwizewe. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, uko imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi zigenda ziyongera n'umuvuduko wo gushyushya bateri z'amashanyarazi wiyongera, abaguzi bafite icyifuzo gikomeye cy'uko imodoka zongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi vuba. Ikoranabuhanga rishya, imiterere mishya y'ubucuruzi, n'ibisabwa bishya bigaragazwa na "gushyushya DC ifite ingufu nyinshi" bikomeje kugaragara, byabaye ubwumvikane rusange mu nganda kugira ngo byihutishe ivugurura n'ivugurura ry'amahame y'umwimerere ajyanye n'aho gushyushya bihurira.
Dukurikije iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi ndetse n’ubusabe bwo kongera amashanyarazi vuba, Minisiteri y’Inganda n’Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru yateguye Komite y’Igihugu Ishinzwe Ubuziranenge bw’Ibinyabiziga kugira ngo irangize ivugurura ry’amahame abiri y’igihugu yasabwe, igera ku ivugurura rishya kuri verisiyo y’umwimerere ya 2015 y’amahame y’igihugu (azwi nka "2015 +"), ibi bikaba ari byiza mu kunoza uburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi n’ibidukikije, umutekano n’ubwizerwe, no guhaza ibyo ukeneye by’amashanyarazi make n’akomeye ya DC.
Mu ntambwe ikurikira, Minisiteri y'Inganda n'Ikoranabuhanga mu Itangazamakuru izashyiraho inzego zibishinzwe kugira ngo zikore kumenyekanisha byimbitse, kwamamaza no gushyira mu bikorwa amahame yombi y'igihugu, guteza imbere guteza imbere no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nyinshi rya DC n'andi mashanyarazi, no gushyiraho ibidukikije byiza by'iterambere ku nganda nshya zikoresha ingufu n'inganda zikoresha amashanyarazi. Ibidukikije byiza. Gukoresha amashanyarazi buhoro byahoze ari ikibazo gikomeye mu nganda zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Raporo ya Soochow Securities ivuga ko igipimo cy’ubushyuhe bw’imashini zigurisha cyane zitanga serivisi zo kwihutisha gusharija mu 2021 ari hafi 1C (C igereranya igipimo cyo kwihutisha gusharija muri sisitemu ya bateri. Mu buryo bw’abantu basanzwe, gusharija 1C bishobora gusharija sisitemu ya bateri mu minota 60), ni ukuvuga ko bifata iminota 30 kugira ngo ushyuhe kugira ngo ugere kuri 30%-80% bya SOC, kandi igihe bateri imara ni hafi 219km (NEDC standard).
Mu by’ukuri, imodoka nyinshi zikoresha amashanyarazi zisanzwe zikenera iminota 40-50 yo gusharija kugira ngo zigere kuri 30%-80% kandi zishobora kugenda ibirometero bigera kuri 150-200. Niba igihe cyo kwinjira no gusohoka muri sitasiyo yo gusharija (iminota 10) kirimo, imodoka ikoresha amashanyarazi isanzwe ifata isaha imwe gusa yo gusharija ishobora kugenda mu muhanda mu gihe kirenze isaha imwe gusa.
Guteza imbere no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga nko gushyushya DC bifite ingufu nyinshi bizasaba kongera kunoza umuyoboro wo gushyushya mu gihe kizaza. Minisiteri y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga yari yaratangaje mbere ko igihugu cyanjye ubu cyubatse umuyoboro w'ibikoresho byo gushyushya bifite umubare munini w'ibikoresho byo gushyushya kandi bifite ubuso bunini bwo gukwirakwiza. Ahantu henshi hashya ho gushyushya rusange ahanini ni ibikoresho byo gushyushya DC byihuse bifite imbaraga za 120kW cyangwa zirenga.7kW AC ikoresha chargeur buhoroByabaye ibisanzwe mu rwego rw'abikorera ku giti cyabo. Gukoresha DC fast charger byamamaye cyane mu bijyanye n'imodoka zidasanzwe. Ahantu ho gushyushya imodoka rusange hafite uburyo bwo kugenzura mu buryo bw'ibicu (cloud platform) mu buryo bwo kubikurikirana mu buryo bwihuse. Ubushobozi, gushaka APP pile no kwishyura kuri interineti byakoreshejwe cyane, kandi ikoranabuhanga rishya nko gushyushya imodoka cyane, gushyushya imodoka nke, guhuza charger mu buryo bwikora no gushyushya imodoka mu buryo buteguye buri kugenda butera imbere buhoro buhoro.
Mu gihe kiri imbere, Minisiteri y'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga izibanda ku ikoranabuhanga n'ibikoresho by'ingenzi kugira ngo habeho gusharija no guhinduranya ibikoresho mu buryo bunoze, nk'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryo guhuza ibinyabiziga mu buryo bw'ibicu, uburyo bwo gutegura gusharija n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gucunga gusharija mu buryo bunoze, ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryo gusharija mu buryo bwihuse nta mashini zikoresha insinga, n'ikoranabuhanga ry'ingenzi ryo gusimbuza bateri z'amashanyarazi vuba. Kongera imbaraga mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga.
Ku rundi ruhande,gusharija DC ifite imbaraga nyinshiishyira ibisabwa cyane ku mikorere ya bateri z'amashanyarazi, ibice by'ingenzi by'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Dukurikije isesengura rya Soochow Securities, mbere na mbere, kongera umuvuduko wo gushyushya bateri binyuranyije n'ihame ryo kongera ubucucike bw'ingufu, kuko umuvuduko mwinshi usaba uduce duto tw'ibikoresho bya electrode nziza na mbi bya bateri, naho ubucucike bw'ingufu nyinshi busaba uduce duto tw'ibikoresho bya electrode nziza na mbi.
Icya kabiri, gusharija cyane mu gihe cy’ingufu nyinshi bizana ingaruka zikomeye zo kubika litiyumu no gutanga ubushyuhe kuri bateri, bigatuma umutekano wa bateri ugabanuka.
Muri byo, ibikoresho bya electrode ya batiri ni byo bigabanya cyane gusharija vuba. Ibi biterwa nuko graphite ya electrode ya negative ikozwe mu mpapuro za graphene, kandi iyoni za lithiamu zinjira mu mpapuro binyuze mu nkengero. Kubwibyo, mu gihe cyo gusharija vuba, iyoni ya negative igera ku bushobozi bwayo bwo kwinjiza iyoni, maze iyoni za lithiamu zigatangira gukora lithiamu y'icyuma gikomeye hejuru y'uduce twa graphite, ni ukuvuga, gukora Lithium precipitation side reaction. Lithium precipitation izagabanya ubuso bukora bwa electrode ya negative kugira ngo iyoni za lithiamu zishyirwemo. Ku ruhande rumwe, igabanya ubushobozi bwa batiri, yongera imbaraga zo kurwanya imbere, kandi ikagabanya igihe cyo kubaho. Ku rundi ruhande, kristu zihuza zikura kandi zigatobora igice gitandukanya, bigira ingaruka ku mutekano.
Porofeseri Wu Ningning n'abandi bo muri Shanghai Handwe Industry Co., Ltd. nabo banditse mbere ko kugira ngo bateri z'amashanyarazi zirusheho gusharija vuba, ari ngombwa kongera umuvuduko w'iyoni za lithiamu mu bikoresho bya cathode bya bateri no kwihutisha gushyira iyoni za lithiamu mu bikoresho bya anode. Kunoza imikorere ya iyoni ya electrolyte, guhitamo imashini itandukanya gusharija vuba, kunoza imikorere ya iyoni na elegitoroniki ya electrode, no guhitamo ingamba zikwiye zo gusharija.
Ariko, icyo abaguzi bashobora kwitega ni uko kuva umwaka ushize, amasosiyete y’ababateri bo mu gihugu yatangiye gukora no gushyiramo bateri zisharija vuba. Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, CATL ikomeye yasohoye bateri ya 4C Shenxing ishingiye kuri sisitemu ya phosphate y’icyuma ya lithium (4C bivuze ko bateri ishobora gusharija yuzuye mu gihe cy’iminota 15), ishobora kugera ku "minota 10 yo gusharija no ku rugero rwa 400 kw" rwo gusharija vuba cyane. Mu bushyuhe busanzwe, bateri ishobora gusharija kugeza kuri 80% SOC mu minota 10. Muri icyo gihe, CATL ikoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura ubushyuhe bw’uturemangingo kuri sisitemu, ishobora gushyushya vuba kugeza ku rugero rwiza rw’ubushyuhe mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke. Ndetse no mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke bwa -10°C, ishobora gusharija kugeza kuri 80% mu minota 30, ndetse no mu bidukikije bifite ubushyuhe buke, kwihuta kw’umuvuduko ntarengwa ntibibora mu gihe cy’amashanyarazi.
Nk’uko CATL ibivuga, bateri za Shenxing zishyushye cyane zizakorwa ku bwinshi muri uyu mwaka kandi ni zo za mbere zizakoreshwa muri Avita.
Bateri ya CATL yo mu bwoko bwa 4C Kirin ikoresha ingufu zihita zikoreshwa mu ikoranabuhanga rya ternary lithium cathode nayo yashyize ahagaragara amashanyarazi meza cyane uyu mwaka, kandi iherutse gushyira ahagaragara imodoka yo mu bwoko bwa supercar 001FR yo mu bwoko bwa krypton.
Uretse Ningde Times, mu yandi masosiyete acuruza bateri zo mu gihugu, China New Aviation yashyizeho inzira ebyiri, kare n'inini, mu bijyanye no gusharija vuba hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ya 800V. Bateri kare zishyigikira gusharija vuba hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ya 4C, naho bateri nini zishyigikira gusharija vuba hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi ya 6C. Ku bijyanye n'igisubizo cya bateri ya prismatic, China Innovation Aviation itanga Xpeng G9 ubwoko bushya bwa bateri za lithium icyuma zishyushya vuba na bateri za ternary zifite amashanyarazi menshi za nickel zikozwe hashingiwe ku rubuga rwa 800V rufite amashanyarazi menshi, rushobora kugera kuri SOC kuva kuri 10% kugeza kuri 80% mu minota 20.
Honeycomb Energy yasohoye Bateri ya Dragon Scale mu 2022. Iyi bateri ijyanye n'ibisubizo byuzuye bya shimi nka icyuma-lithiyumu, ternary, na cobalt-free. Ifite sisitemu zo gusharija vuba za 1.6C-6C kandi ishobora gushyirwa kuri moderi za A00-D-class. Biteganijwe ko iyi moderi izashyirwa mu bikorwa mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2023.
Yiwei Lithium Energy izasohora sisitemu nini ya bateri ya silinda π mu 2023. Ikoranabuhanga rya bateri "π" ryo gukonjesha rishobora gukemura ikibazo cyo gusharija no gushyushya bateri vuba. Bateri zayo nini 46 ziteganijwe gukorwa ku bwinshi no gutangazwa mu gihembwe cya gatatu cya 2023.
Muri Kanama uyu mwaka, Sunwanda Company yanabwiye abashoramari ko bateri ya "flash charge" itangijwe n'iyi sosiyete ku isoko rya BEV ishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo ihuzwe na sisitemu ya 800V ifite voltage nyinshi na 400V isanzwe ya voltage. Ibikoresho bya bateri ya 4C yihuta cyane byageze ku musaruro mwinshi mu gihembwe cya mbere. Iterambere rya bateri za 4C-6C "flash charge" riri kugenda neza, kandi ibintu byose bishobora kugera ku buzima bwa bateri ya 400 kw mu minota 10.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 17-2023