Shajara yo ku rwego rwa 1 ev ni iki?
Buri EV iza ifite insinga yo gusharija y'ubuntu yo ku rwego rwa 1. Irahuye n'abantu bose, nta kiguzi cyo kuyishyiraho, kandi ikoreshwa mu mwobo uwo ari wo wose usanzwe wa 120-V. Bitewe n'igiciro cy'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bwa EV yawe, gusharija L1 ku giciro kiri hagati ya 2¢ na 6¢ kuri kilometero imwe.
Ingufu zo mu bwoko bwa Level 1 ev charger zirenga 2.4 kW, zigasubiza igihe cyo gushyushya kigera kuri kilometero 5 ku isaha, hafi kilometero 40 buri masaha 8. Kubera ko umushoferi usanzwe akora kilometero 37 ku munsi, ibi birakora ku bantu benshi.
Imashini yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ev charger ishobora kandi gukora ku bantu aho bakorera cyangwa ku ishuri bafite aho batanga charger ya 1 ev points, bigatuma imodoka zabo zo mu bwoko bwa EV zibasha charger umunsi wose mu rugendo rwo gutaha.
Abashoferi benshi ba EV bavuga ko insinga ya charger ya L Level 1 ev ari charger yihutirwa cyangwa charger y'amajwi make kuko idakomeza kugenda mu ngendo ndende cyangwa mu mpera z'icyumweru.
Shajara yo ku rwego rwa 2 ev ni iki?
Ishaja ya Level 2 ev ikoresha voltage nyinshi y’injira, 240 V, kandi akenshi ihambirwa burundu ku muyoboro wa 240-V uri muri gareji cyangwa mu muhanda. Modele zigendanwa zishyirwa mu byuma byumisha 240-V bisanzwe cyangwa ibikoresho byo gusudira, ariko si amazu yose afite ibi.
Shajara yo ku rwego rwa 2 igura hagati ya $300 na $2.000, bitewe n'ikirango, ingufu, n'ibisabwa mu gushyiraho. Bitewe n'igiciro cy'amashanyarazi n'ubushobozi bw'imodoka yawe, shajara yo ku rwego rwa 2 igura hagati ya 2¢ na 6¢ kuri kilometero imwe.
Shajara yo ku rwego rwa 2 evzikoreshwa ku isi hose n'imodoka za EV zifite SAE J1772 cyangwa "J-plug" isanzwe mu nganda. Ushobora gusanga chargers za L2 zikoreshwa na rubanda muri gareji zo guparika, aho baparika imodoka, imbere y'ibigo by'ubucuruzi, kandi zigashyirwa ku bakozi n'abanyeshuri.
Shajara yo ku rwego rwa 2 ikunze kuzamuka kuri 12 kW, ikagarura ingufu zigera kuri kilometero 30 ku isaha, hafi kilometero 100 buri masaha 8. Ku mushoferi usanzwe, ukoresha kilometero 37 ku munsi, ibi bisaba amasaha 3 gusa yo gushajara.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, niba uri mu rugendo rurerure kurusha aho imodoka yawe igera, uzakenera kongeramo byihuse uburyo bwo kuyishyuza ku rwego rwa 2.
Shajara yo ku rwego rwa 3 ev ni iki?
Shajara ya ev yo ku rwego rwa 3 ni yo shajara ya ev yihuta cyane iboneka. Ubusanzwe ikoresha 480 V cyangwa 1.000 V kandi ntabwo ikunze kuboneka mu rugo. Ikoreshwa neza mu bice bikunze kugaragaramo urujya n'uruza rw'abantu benshi, nko ku mihanda minini no mu duce tw'ubucuruzi n'imyidagaduro, aho imodoka ishobora kongeramo umuriro mu gihe kitarenze isaha imwe.
Amafaranga yo kwishyuza ashobora gushingira ku giciro cy'isaha cyangwa kuri kWh. Bitewe n'amafaranga yo kuba umunyamuryango n'ibindi bintu, charger yo ku rwego rwa 3 igura hagati ya 12¢ na 25¢ kuri kilometero imwe.
Gutanga charger yo ku rwego rwa 3 ntabwo bihuye n’uburyo bwose kandi nta buryo busanzwe bwo mu nganda. Muri iki gihe, ubwoko butatu bw’ingenzi ni Superchargers, SAE CCS (Combined Charging System), na CHAdeMO (riff kuri "would you wish a spoon of tea," mu kiyapani).
Superchargers zikorana na Tesla models zimwe na zimwe, SAE CCS chargers zikorana na EV zimwe na zimwe zo mu Burayi, na CHAdeMO ikorana na EV zimwe na zimwe zo muri Aziya, nubwo zimwe na zimwe zishobora kuba zihuye na adaptateurs.
Shajara yo ku rwego rwa 3 evMuri rusange itangirira kuri 50 kW hanyuma ikazamuka uhereye aho. Urugero, urugero rwa CHAdeMO rukora kugeza kuri 400 kW kandi rufite verisiyo ya 900 kW irimo gukorwa. Tesla Superchargers zikunze gushyushya kuri 72 kW, ariko zimwe zishobora kugeza kuri 250 kW. Ingufu nyinshi nk'izo zirashoboka kuko chargers za L3 zirenga OBC n'imbogamizi zayo, zigashyiramo DC-charging bateri.
Hari ikintu kimwe cy’ingenzi: gusharija umuvuduko mwinshi biboneka gusa kugeza kuri 80% by’ubushobozi. Nyuma ya 80%, BMS igabanya umuvuduko wo gushyuha cyane kugira ngo irinde bateri.
Ugereranije n'urwego rw'ishaja
Dore igereranya ry'aho urwego rwa 1 rushyira ingufu mu gushyushya hagati y'urwego rwa 2 n'urwego rwa 3:
Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi
Urwego rwa 1: 1.3 kW na 2.4 kW AC current
Urwego rwa 2: 3kW kugeza munsi ya 20kW AC current, umusaruro uratandukana bitewe n'icyitegererezo
Urwego rwa 3: 50kw kugeza 350kw DC current
Urugendo
Urwego rwa 1: 5 km (cyangwa ibirometero 3.11) by'uburebure ku isaha yo gusharija; kugeza ku masaha 24 kugira ngo batiri ishyurwe neza
Urwego rwa 2: 30 kugeza kuri 50km (ibilometero 20 kugeza kuri 30) by'isaha yo gusharija; shari ya batiri yuzuye mu ijoro ryose
Urwego rwa 3: Kugeza kuri kilometero 30 ku munota; bateri yuzuye ishaje mu gihe kiri munsi y'isaha imwe
Ikiguzi
Urwego rwa 1: Ni ntoya; umugozi w'umunwa uza hamwe n'imashini zigura amashanyarazi kandi ba nyiri amashanyarazi bashobora gukoresha aho basohokera hasanzwe
Icyiciro cya 2: $300 kugeza $2,000 kuri buri shaja, hamwe n'ikiguzi cyo kuyishyiraho
Urwego rwa 3: ~$10.000 kuri buri charger, hamwe n'amafaranga menshi yo kuyishyiraho
Ibikoresho byo gukoresha
Icyiciro cya 1: Inzu zo guturamo (amazu y'umuryango umwe cyangwa amazu y'amagorofa)
Urwego rwa 2: Inzu zo guturamo, iz'ubucuruzi (ahantu ho kugurisha, amazu y'imiryango myinshi, parikingi rusange); zishobora gukoreshwa n'abafite amazu ku giti cyabo niba hari aho gusohokera 240V
Urwego rwa 3: Ubucuruzi (ku modoka zitwara abagenzi zikomeye n'imodoka nyinshi zitwara abagenzi)
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 29 Mata 2024