01. "Gushyushya cyane amazi mu gihe cyo gukonjesha" ni iki?
ihame ry'imikorere:
Gushyushya amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa Liquid-cooled supercharging ni ugushyiraho umuyoboro wihariye wo gukwirakwiza amazi hagati y'insinga n'imbunda yo gushyushya. Umuyoboro w'amazi ukoreshwa mu gushyushya ubushyuhe wongerwamo, hanyuma umuyoboro ukoreshwa mu gushyushya unyuze kuri pompe y'amashanyarazi kugira ngo ubushyuhe buvanwe mu gihe cyo gushyushya busohoke.
Igice cy'ingufu cya sisitemu gikoresha ubukonje bw'amazi mu gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe, kandi nta guhuriza hamwe umwuka n'ibidukikije byo hanze, bityo gishobora kugera ku gishushanyo cya IP65. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu ikoresha umufana munini w'umwuka kugira ngo ikureho ubushyuhe mu rusaku ruke kandi ibungabunge ibidukikije cyane.
02. Ni izihe nyungu zo gushyushya cyane mu mazi?
Ibyiza byo gushyushya cyane amazi mu buryo bwo gukonjesha:
1. Umuvuduko munini w'amashanyarazi n'umuvuduko wo gusharija vuba. Umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi usohokaikirundo cyo gusharijaigengwa n'insinga y'imbunda isharira. Insinga y'umuringa iri mu nsinga y'imbunda isharira ikoresha amashanyarazi, kandi ubushyuhe buva muri iyo nsinga bungana n'agaciro kare k'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Uko umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi uba munini, ni ko ubushyuhe buva muri iyo nsinga buba bwinshi. Igomba kugabanuka. Kugira ngo wirinde gushyuha cyane, agace k'insinga gagomba kongerwa, kandi birumvikana ko insinga y'imbunda izaba iremereye. Imbunda isharira ya 250A isanzwe ikoresha insinga ya 80mm2. Imbunda isharira iremereye cyane muri rusange kandi ntibyoroshye kuyigonda. Niba ushaka kugera ku muyoboro munini w'amashanyarazi, ushobora no gukoresha sharira y'imbunda ebyiri, ariko iki ni igipimo cyo guhagarara mu bihe runaka. Igisubizo cya nyuma cyo sharira y'amashanyarazi menshi gishobora gusa ni sharira imbunda ikonjeshejwe n'amazi.
Hari insinga n'imiyoboro y'amazi imbere mu mbunda ikonjeshwa n'amazi. Insinga ya 500A ikonjeshwa n'amaziimbunda yo gusharijaUbusanzwe ni 35mm2 gusa, kandi ubushyuhe bukurwa n'amazi atemba mu muyoboro w'amazi. Kubera ko insinga ari nto, imbunda ikonjeshwa n'amazi iba yoroheje kuva kuri 30% kugeza kuri 40% ugereranyije n'imbunda isanzwe ikonjeshwa. Imbunda ikonjeshwa n'amazi igomba kandi gushyirwaho icyuma gikonjesha, kigizwe n'ikigega cy'amazi, ipompo y'amazi, radiateri n'umufana. Ipompo y'amazi ituma icyuma gikonjesha kizenguruka mu murongo w'imbunda, kikazana ubushyuhe kuri radiateri, hanyuma kikayihuha n'umufana, bityo kikagera ku bushobozi bwo gutwara bunini ugereranije n'imbunda zisanzwe zonjeshwa n'amazi.
2. Umugozi w'imbunda ni uworoheje kandi ibikoresho byo gusharija ni ibyoroheje.
3. Ubushyuhe buke, ubushyuhe buragabanuka vuba, kandi umutekano uhagije. Imitwe y'ibirundo by'ibirundo bisanzwe byo gusharija n'ibirundo byo gusharija bikonjeshwa n'umwuka kugira ngo bishire ubushyuhe. Umwuka winjira mu gice cy'ibirundo uturutse ku ruhande rumwe, ugakurura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo gusharija, hanyuma ugashira mu gice cy'ibirundo ku rundi ruhande. Umwuka uzavangwa n'umukungugu, umunyu n'umwuka w'amazi hanyuma ujugunywe ku buso bw'ibikoresho by'imbere, bigatuma sisitemu itagira ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushyuhe budakwirakwira neza, ubushobozi buke bwo gusharija, kandi ubuzima bw'ibikoresho bugabanuka. Ku birundo bisanzwe byo gusharija cyangwa ibirundo byo gusharija bikonjeshwa n'amazi make, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe no kurinda ni ibitekerezo bibiri bivuguruzanya. Niba uburinzi ari bwiza, gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bizagorana gushushanya, kandi niba gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe ari byiza, uburinzi buzagorana guhangana nabwo.
Ikirundo cyo gushyushya gikonjeshejwe amazi gikoresha module yo gushyushya ikonjeshejwe amazi. Nta miyoboro y'umwuka iri imbere n'inyuma ya module ikonjeshejwe amazi. Module yishingikiriza ku gikoresho gikonjesha gitembera mu isahani ikonjeshejwe amazi kugira ngo gihererekanye ubushyuhe n'isi yo hanze. Kubwibyo, igice cy'ingufu cy'ikirundo cyo gushyushya gishobora gupfundikirwa neza kugira ngo kigabanye ubushyuhe. Radiateri ni iyo hanze, kandi ubushyuhe bujyanwa muri radiateri bunyuze muri firiateri iri imbere, maze umwuka wo hanze ugakurura ubushyuhe ku buso bwa radiateri. Module yo gushyushya ikonjeshejwe amazi n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi biri mu kirundo cyo gushyushya ntaho bihuriye n'ibidukikije byo hanze, bityo bigatuma habaho uburinzi bwa IP65 kandi bikaba byizewe cyane.
4. Urusaku rworoshye rwo gushyushya no kurinda urwego rwo hejuru. Imigozi isanzwe yo gushyushya n'imigozi ikonjeshwa n'amazi make ifite module zo gushyushya zikonjeshwa n'umwuka. Module zo gushyushya zikozwe n'abafana bato benshi bihuta cyane, kandi urusaku rw'imikorere rugera kuri 65db. Hariho kandi abafana bakonjesha ku mubiri w'umugozi wo gushyushya. Muri iki gihe, imigozi yo gushyushya ikoresheje module zo gushyushya. Iyo ikora ku ngufu zose, urusaku ruri hejuru ya 70dB. Nta ngaruka igira ku manywa ariko ibangamira cyane nijoro. Kubwibyo, urusaku rwinshi ku bigo byo gushyushya ni cyo kibazo cyibazwa cyane n'abakora. Iyo bireze, bagomba gukosora ikibazo. Ariko, ikiguzi cyo gukosora ni kinini kandi ingaruka ni nke cyane. Amaherezo, bagomba kugabanya ingufu kugira ngo bagabanye urusaku.
Ikirundo cy’amazi gikonjeshejwe neza gikoresha uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu buryo bw’imizunguko ibiri. Module yo gukonjesha amazi imbere ikoresha pompe y’amazi kugira ngo iyobore imikorere y’icyuma gikonjesha kugira ngo gikure ubushyuhe, kandi yohereze ubushyuhe buva muri module kuri radiator. Gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe hanze bigerwaho hakoreshejwe abafana cyangwa ibyuma bikonjesha bikoresha umuvuduko muto. Ubushyuhe bukurwa mu gikoresho, kandi urusaku rw’umufana ufite umuvuduko muto n’umwuka munini ni ruke cyane ugereranije n’urw’umufana muto ufite umuvuduko mwinshi. Ibirundo by’amazi bikonjeshejwe neza bishobora no gukoresha imiterere yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe. Kimwe na icyuma gikonjesha, icyuma gikonjesha ubushyuhe gishyirwa kure y’abantu benshi, kandi gishobora no guhinduranya ubushyuhe n’ibidendezi n’amasoko kugira ngo kigere ku gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’urusaku.
5. TCO nkeya
Ikiguzi cyo gushyushya ibikoresho ku bigo bishyushya bigomba kurebwa uhereye ku giciro cyuzuye cy’ubuzima bw’ikirundo cyo gushyushya (TCO) cy’ikirundo cyo gushyushya. Igihe cy’ubuzima bw’ibirundo bisanzwe byo gushyushya hakoreshejwe module zo gushyushya zikonjeshejwe n’umwuka muri rusange ntikirenza imyaka 5, ariko igihe cy’ubukode bw’ibikorwa bya sitasiyo yo gushyushya ni imyaka 8-10, bivuze ko ibikoresho byo gushyushya bigomba gusimburwa nibura rimwe mu gihe cy’imikorere ya sitasiyo. Ku rundi ruhande, igihe cy’ubuzima bw’ibirundo byo gushyushya bikonjeshejwe n’amazi ni nibura imyaka 10, bishobora gukwira ubuzima bwose bwa sitasiyo. Muri icyo gihe, ugereranije n’ibirundo byo gushyushya bikoresha module zo gushyushya zisaba gufungura kenshi akabati, gukuraho ivumbi, kubungabunga n’ibindi bikorwa, ibirundo byo gushyushya bikonjeshejwe n’amazi bigomba gukurwaho amazi gusa nyuma y’uko ivumbi ryirundanye muri radiator yo hanze, bigatuma kubungabunga byoroha.
TCO ya sisitemu yo gushyushya yuzuye ikoresheje amazi ikonjesha iri hasi ugereranyije n’iya sisitemu isanzwe yo gushyushya ikoresheje module zo gushyushya zifite umwuka ukonjesha, kandi hamwe no gukoresha sisitemu zo gushyushya yuzuye ikoresheje amazi ukonjesha, inyungu zayo mu kugabanya ikiguzi zizarushaho kugaragara.
03. Uko isoko rihagaze mu gihe cyo gushyushya cyane amazi
Dukurikije amakuru aheruka aturuka mu ishyirahamwe ry’abashoramari b’Abashinwa, hari ubwinshi bw’imizigo rusange 31.000 muri Gashyantare 2023 ugereranyije no muri Mutarama 2023, ubwiyongere bw’umwaka bungana na 54.1% muri Gashyantare. Guhera muri Gashyantare 2023, abanyamuryango b’iri shyirahamwe bavuze ko hari ubwiyongere bw’imizigo rusange miliyoni 1.869, harimo 796.000.Ibirundo byo gusharija bya DCna miliyoni 1.072Ibikoresho byo gusharija AC.
Mu by’ukuri, uko igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu gikomeza kwiyongera kandi ibikoresho bishyigikira nk’ibice byo gusharija bitera imbere vuba, ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gusharija ibintu bikonjeshejwe n’amazi ryabaye intandaro y’amarushanwa mu nganda. Amasosiyete menshi y’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu n’amasosiyete y’ibice na yo yatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi mu ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere no gushyiraho uburyo bwo gusharija ibintu birenze urugero.
Tesla ni yo sosiyete ya mbere mu nganda ikoresha imodoka mu gushyira mu byiciro by'imodoka zishyushya umuriro mu buryo butangaje. Kuri ubu, imaze gushyiraho sitasiyo zirenga 1,500 zo gushyushya umuriro mu Bushinwa, zifite amashami 10,000 yo gushyushya umuriro. Tesla V3 supercharger ifite imiterere ishyushya umuriro mu buryo butangaje, module yo gushyushya umuriro mu buryo butangaje n'imbunda yo gushyushya umuriro mu buryo butangaje. Imbunda imwe ishobora gushyushya umuriro kugeza kuri 250kW/600A, ishobora kongera uburebure bwa kilometero 250 mu minota 15. Ubwoko bwa V4 bugiye gushyirwa mu byiciro by'imodoka. Iki gikoresho cyo gushyushya umuriro cyongera imbaraga zo gushyushya umuriro kugeza kuri 350kW kuri buri mbunda.
Nyuma yaho, Porsche Taycan yatangije imiterere y'amashanyarazi ya 800V ifite ingufu nyinshi ku nshuro ya mbere ku isi kandi ishyigikira 350kW yo gusharija vuba; Great Wall Salon Mecha Dragon 2022 global limited edition ifite ingufu zigera kuri 600A, voltage igera kuri 800V, n'imbaraga zidasanzwe zo gusharija 480kW; GAC AION V, ifite voltage igera kuri 1000V, voltage igera kuri 600A, n'imbaraga zidasanzwe zo gusharija 480kW; Xiaopeng G9, imodoka yakozwe ku bwinshi ifite urubuga rwa 800V silicon carbide voltage, ikwiriye 480kW yo gusharija vuba cyane;
04. Ni iyihe gahunda yo gushyushya cyane mu gihe kizaza mu mazi?
Urwego rwo gushyushya cyane umuriro uva ku mazi ruracyari rushya, rufite amahirwe menshi kandi rufite amahirwe menshi yo gutera imbere. Gushyushya amazi ni igisubizo cyiza cyane cyo gushyushya umuriro uva ku mazi menshi. Nta bibazo bya tekiniki bihari mu gushushanya no gukora amashanyarazi akoresha ingufu nyinshi mu gihugu no mu mahanga. Ni ngombwa gukemura isano riri hagati y’insinga n’amashanyarazi aturuka ku mazi menshi ajyana n’imbunda ikoresha umuriro.
Ariko, igipimo cy’ubwinjirire bw’imbunda zishyushya cyane mu gihugu cyanjye kiracyari hasi. Ibi biterwa nuko imbunda zishyushya vuba zikoresha amazi zitwara amashanyarazi menshi zitwara amashanyarazi menshi, kandi amashanyarazi vuba azazana isoko rifite agaciro ka miliyari amagana mu 2025. Dukurikije amakuru rusange, igiciro mpuzandengo cy’imbunda zishyushya vuba ni hafi 0.4 yuan/W. Bivugwa ko igiciro cy’imbunda ya 240kW ishyushya vuba ari hafi 96.000 yuan. Dukurikije igiciro cy’insinga y’imbunda ishyushya vuba mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru cya CHINAEVSE, ari cyo yuan 20.000/seti, ikiguzi cy’imbunda ishyushya vuba kiragereranywa. Ifite hafi 21% by’ikiguzi cy’imbunda zishyushya, iba igice gihenze cyane nyuma yo gusharija. Biteganijwe ko uko umubare w’imbunda nshya zishyushya vuba ziyongera, isoko ry’imbunda zishyushya vuba rirushaho kwiyongera.imirundo yihuta cyanemu gihugu cyanjye hazaba hagera kuri miliyari 133.4 z'amayuan mu 2025.
Mu gihe kiri imbere, ikoranabuhanga ryo gushyushya cyane mu buryo bw'amazi rizakomeza kwihutisha kwinjira.
Iterambere n'imiterere y'ikoranabuhanga rikoresha ingufu nyinshi rishyushya amazi riracyari kure. Ibi bisaba ubufatanye bw'ibigo by'imodoka, ibigo bitanga bateri, ibigo bitanga ibikoresho byinshi n'ibindi bigo. Muri ubu buryo gusa dushobora gushyigikira neza iterambere ry'inganda z'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, guteza imbere gahunda yo gushyushya no gukoresha V2G, gufasha kubungabunga no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere, iterambere rike rya karuboni n'ibidukikije, no kwihutisha ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'intego ya "karuboni ebyiri".
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-04-2024