OCPP ni iki kandi kuki ari ngombwa?

Mugihe ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV) bikomeje guhindura imiterere yubwikorezi bwisi yose, uburambe bwo kwishyuza butagira ingano kandi bwihuse nibyingenzi gushishikariza abantu benshi gukoresha imashini za EV. Sitasiyo yo kwishyuza igoye, kugendana imiyoboro myinshi yo kwishyuza, hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyura idahuye birashobora kubangamira abashobora kuba ba nyiri EV cyangwa gutesha umutwe abamaze gukora ibintu byimuka kuri EV. Gufungura Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) iraza kandi izahindura imikorere ya EV yishyuza ecosystem. OCPP yashizweho kugirango yorohereze itumanaho hagati ya EV zishyuza na sisitemu yo gucunga, kwemeza guhinduka, gukorana, no gukora neza kumurongo ukomeye kandi worohereza abakoresha.

OCPP Niki - Gufungura Porotokole Yishyurwa?

Gufungura Amashanyarazi (OCPP) ni protocole isaba itumanaho hagati yimodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) zizwi kandi nka sisitemu yo gucunga amashanyarazi (bakunze kwita CMS). Mu byingenzi, OCPP ikora nk "ururimi" hamwe numuyoboro usanzwe utuma habaho itumanaho ridasubirwaho hagati yaba bakinnyi bombi bakomeye muri ec charge ecosystem.

OCPP yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 2009 kugirango ihuze imikoranire hagati ya charger ya EV na sisitemu yo kuyobora. Nubwo hariho protocole yihariye, OCPP igaragara nkurubuga rufunguye rwose. Uku gufungura guha abakoresha sitasiyo yo kwishyiriraho uburyo bwo guhuza umuyoboro uwo ariwo wose kuri sitasiyo iyo ari yo yose yishyuza, guteza imbere udushya, amarushanwa, no kugerwaho mu nganda zishyuza za EV.
                                                                 

Ibyiza bya OCPP

1. Gutanga ibintu byoroheje n'umutekano kuri ba nyiri sitasiyo

OCPP iremeza ko ba nyiri sitasiyo yishyuza bashobora guhindura abakoresha imiyoboro uko bikenewe, bityo bakarinda ishoramari ryabo kandi bakirinda guta igihe. Niba uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rusohotse ku isoko, ba nyirubwite barashobora kwimukira mu rundi rusobe rwujuje OCPP badatakaje imikorere. Ihitamo rifunguye ritera amarushanwa hagati yabakora nabatanga imiyoboro, bigabanya ibiciro, bitezimbere serivisi, kandi biteza imbere udushya. Nkigisubizo,Kwishyuza ibikorwa remezo byagutse byihuse, biha abashoferi ba EV uburyo bwinshi bwo kwishyuza.

2. Emerera itumanaho rusange hagati yumuriro wogutanga nabatanga serivise zumuyoboro gutanga serivisi nziza (nkibisubizo bikenewe).

Ihinduka ry’imyuka ihumanya ikirere muri 2050 rizazana ubwinshi bw’amashanyarazi, biterwa ahanini n’amashanyarazi yo gutwara abantu, gushyushya amazu, n’inganda zindi. Muri icyo gihe kandi, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu zituruka ku mbaraga z’amashanyarazi nk’izuba n’umuyaga, ibisekuruza byazo bikaba bitandukanye n’ikirere n’igihe cy’umunsi, na byo byashyizeho ingufu nyinshi kuri gride. Izi mpinduka zingirakamaro zitera imbogamizi kuri gride itajegajega kandi yizewe, bigatuma ibikorwa bifasha ibisubizo bishya nka gahunda yo gusubiza ibyifuzo.

Igisubizo gikenewe ni iki?

Igisubizo cyibisabwa bikubiyemo kuringaniza imiyoboro ya interineti ushishikariza abayikoresha guhindura amashanyarazi kumasaha atarenze igihe ingufu ari nyinshi cyangwa ibyifuzo bikaba bike.

Ibi mubisanzwe bigerwaho binyuze mubiciro cyangwa ibindi bihembo byamafaranga. Igisubizo cyibisabwa, hamwe na gride yubwenge hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, bigira uruhare runini mukubungabunga imiyoboro ihindagurika, kugabanya ingaruka zingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, no kwemeza itumanaho rya gride mugihe cyamasaha aremereye.

Uruhare rwa OCPP mugusubiza igisubizo

Kugirango gahunda yo gusubiza ibyifuzo igende neza, itumanaho ridasubirwaho hagati ya charger na utile ni ngombwa. Amashanyarazi agomba kuba ashobora guhindura cyangwa guhagarika gukoresha amashanyarazi ashingiye kuri gride. OCPP ikoresha imiyoboro yashizweho hagati yimashanyarazi na software yo kuyobora kugirango byorohereze itumanaho.
                                                               

Ibyiza bya OCPP Gusaba Igisubizo

· Ikiguzi-cyiza: Mugukoresha ibikorwa remezo byitumanaho bihari, OCPP igabanya amafaranga yinyongera ajyanye no kwinjiza charger muri gahunda yo gusubiza ibyifuzo.

· Kuzamura imiterere ihindagurika: Amashanyarazi ya OCPP yubahiriza abashoramari kugira uruhare rugaragara mubikorwa byo gucunga imiyoboro no kwemeza ko amashanyarazi n'ibisabwa aringaniye.

· Ibikorwa remezo-bizaza: Hamwe na OCPP, imiyoboro yo kwishyuza irashobora guhuza n’imiterere y’ingufu zihinduka kandi igashyigikira ibikorwa bigezweho byo kuvugurura imiyoboro.

Muguhuza ubushobozi bwo gusubiza ibyifuzo binyuze muri OCPP, abashoramari ntibashobora gutanga umusanzu muguhuza imiyoboro ya gride gusa, ahubwo banongerera agaciro imiyoboro yabo yishyuza mumashanyarazi arambye.

3. Ongera kwakirwa na EV ukoresheje uburyo bumwe hamwe n'uburambe bwabakoresha

Uburambe bwo kwishyuza butagira akagero kandi bwihuse nibyingenzi gushishikariza abantu benshi gukoresha ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi (EV). Kubona amashanyarazi akomeye, kugendana imiyoboro myinshi yo kwishyuza, hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyura idahuye birashobora guca intege abashobora kuba ba EV cyangwa gutesha umutwe abamaze gukora ibintu byimikorere ya EV.

Icyemezo cya OCPP gikemura ibyo bibazo mugushiraho protocole isanzwe yongerera imbaraga no gukorana mumiyoboro yishyuza. Mu kubyemezacharger kuzuza ibipimo ngenderwaho, OCPP irashobora kugabanya inzitizi zo kwinjira no guteza imbere uburambe bwabakoresha, bigatuma kwishyuza EV byoroha.
                                                      

Bimwe mubintu byuburambe buhoraho bwabakoresha bikomezwa nicyemezo cya OCPP harimo:

1. Uburyo abashoferi batangira kwishyuza

2. Uburyo abashoferi bishyura amafaranga

3. Kugera kuri charger ziva mumiyoboro inyuranye ukoresheje porogaramu imwe cyangwa umwirondoro wo kwishyura

4. Kwishyuza bisanzwe muburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyuza

Ishusho Nini: Gushyigikira Kurera EV

Mugabanye ingingo zo guterana muburyo bwo kwishyuza, OCPP ikora ecosystem ituma gutwara byoroha. Ibi ntabwo byongera uburambe kubafite EV bariho gusa, ahubwo binizeza abashobora kugura ko gutunga EV ari ngirakamaro kandi byoroshye. Ibikorwa remezo bihurijwe hamwe byubaka ikizere kandi bigashishikarizwa kwaguka kwaguka rya EV, ni ngombwa mu kwihutisha inzibacyuho irambye.

Ubwanyuma, amashanyarazi yemewe na OCPP afite uruhare runini mugushinga imiyoboro ihuriweho hamwe n’abakoresha-bishyuza, bituma abashoferi bumva bafite ikizere kandi bashyigikiwe mugihe bakoresheje ikoranabuhanga rya EV.

Nigute OCPP ikora?

Mu gice kibanziriza iki, twamenye ko Gufungura Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) itanga igisubizo kimwe kuburyo bwitumanaho hagati ya sitasiyo yishyuza na sisitemu nkuru, tutitaye kubacuruzi.

OCPP nuburyo bwo gutumanaho hagatiSitasiyo yumurirona sisitemu yo gucunga amashanyarazi. Igice gikurikira gisobanura uburyo OCPP ifasha aya matsinda yombi atandukanye muri EV kwishyuza urusobe rwibinyabuzima gushyikirana, hamwe nindi mirimo ifite usibye itumanaho.

1. Guhana ubutumwa

OCPP yemerera sitasiyo yo kwishyuza hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga guhana ubutumwa kubyerekeranye nuburyo bugezweho bwa sitasiyo.

Kurugero, ubutumwa bushobora kubamo:

· Niba charger irahari, ikoreshwa, cyangwa isaba kubungabunga

· Iyo inzira yo kwishyuza itangiye cyangwa ihagaze

· Ibikoreshwa muri iki gihe cyangwa metero yo guturamo

· Kwishyuza amakuru yo gusuzuma

2. Gukurikirana kure

Abashinzwe kwishyuza barashobora gukoresha OCPP kugirango bakurikirane kure sitasiyo zabo.

3. Uruhushya

Abashinzwe kwishyuza barashobora gukoresha OCPP kugirango yemererwe kugera kuri sitasiyo.

4. Kuvugurura Firmware

Sisitemu yo kuyobora irashobora kohereza porogaramu yo kuvugurura porogaramu kuri sitasiyo yishyuza, ishobora noneho kwemeza no gukora ivugurura.

5. Kwishura no kwishura

Abashinzwe kwishyuza barashobora gukoresha OCPP kugirango bahuze uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyura no kwishyuza.

6. Kwishyuza ubwenge

OCPP ishyigikira uburyo bwo kwishyuza bwubwenge nko kuringaniza imizigo no kwishyuza imikoreshereze.

7. Gusaba Gahunda yo Gusubiza

OCPP yemerera charger kuvugana na gride cyangwa progaramu zingirakamaro, zifasha kugenzura amashanyarazi.

Intangiriro kuri verisiyo ya OCPP iri kumasoko

Mu mwaka wa 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 yasohotse, naho OCPP 1.5 isohoka muri 2013. Izi verisiyo zo hambere ntizikomeza kubungabungwa na OCA, bityo twatangije verisiyo yakurikiyeho, ari yo OCPP 1.6 yasohotse muri 2015 na OCPP 2.0.1 yasohotse muri 2020. OCPP 2.1 na OCPP 2.0.1 zirahuza inyuma. Biteganijwe ko OCPP 2.1 izasohoka mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025.
                                                  

Ubwoko bubiri bwa OCPP

ISOKO: Porotokole yoroshye yo kubona ibintu (SOAP) ni ubutumwa bushingiye ku butumwa bukoresha XML mu kwerekana amakuru. SOAP ni urwego rwemerera ubutumwa koherezwa hagati yibigize kuri interineti. Ibyiza bya SOAP nuko ibisanzwe bikubiyemo imirimo yo kohereza no kwakira ubutumwa. Ibi bituma ishyirwa mubikorwa ryihuse rishoboka.

JSON: Icyitonderwa cya JavaScript nuburyo bworoshye bwo guhanahana amakuru byoroshye kubantu gusoma no kwandika, kandi byoroshye kumashini gusesengura no kubyara. Biroroshye gusoma no kwandika kuruta XML. Ishingiye ku gice cya JavaScript.

OCPP1.6

OCPP 1.6 yubaka kuri OCPP 1.5, ikubiyemo imyaka yuburambe bufatika hamwe nibikorwa byatsinzwe kwisi yose. Kuva yatangizwa muri 2012, OCPP 1.5 yashyizwe mubikorwa cyane nabatanga serivisi hamwe nibikorwa rusange kwisi. Hashingiwe kuri,OCPP 1.6 itangiza byinshi byingenzi byongeweho, harimo ubushobozi bwo kwishyuza ubwenge hamwe ninkunga ya JSON na SOAP hejuru ya WebSocket.

Iyi verisiyo ikubiyemo kandi byinshi byanonosowe, nkibisobanuro bisobanutse neza hamwe namakuru agezweho kugirango yongere imikoranire hagati yibicuruzwa bitandukanye byabacuruzi. Ibintu by'ingenzi bishya birimo kwaguka ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma (nkimpamvu zimpamvu), imiterere yinyongera yishyurwa, hamwe nubushobozi bwa TriggerMessage, byose byashizweho kugirango bihuze neza ibikenewe ku isoko.

OCPP 1.6 igumana imikorere yibanze ya verisiyo ibanza kandi itangiza ibintu byinshi bishya kandi bigakosorwa kubibazo bizwi neza bidasobanutse bigatuma bidahuye na OCPP 1.5. Iterambere rigamije gutanga serivise nziza kubakoresha amashanyarazi (CPOs) hamwe nuburambe bwiza kubashoferi batwara ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi kwisi.

Ibiranga OCPP 1.6 harimo:

· OCPP 1.5

· SOAP na JSON verisiyo

· Kwishyuza byubwenge bishyigikira kuringaniza imizigo no gukoresha imyirondoro yo kwishyuza

· (Local) inkunga yo kuyobora urutonde

· Ibihugu byongeweho: Ongeraho leta zinyongera kuri point point ya leta ibarwa kugirango itange CPO hamwe nabakoresha amaherezo amakuru menshi yerekeye uko ibintu byifashe ubu

· Ubutumwa bwohereza ibyifuzo, nkigihe cya CP cyangwa imiterere ya CP

· Iterambere ritoya (ugereranije na OCPP 1.5)
                                              

OCPP 2.0.1

Ugereranije na OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 izana ibintu byongerewe ubushobozi nubushobozi bushya. Ariko, ibyo kunonosora nabyo bituma OCPP 2.0.1 idahuye nuburyo bwambere (urugero: OCPP 1.6 na OCPP 1.5).

Ibintu bishya OCPP 2.0.1 na OCPP 1.6

1.Icungamutungo ryibikoresho (bizwi kandi nka Moderi yicyuma) ikoreshwa mugushaka no gushiraho ibishushanyo no gukurikirana sitasiyo zishyuza.

Gucunga ibikoresho (bizwi kandi nk'icyitegererezo cy'ibikoresho) ni ikintu gitegerejwe kuva kera, cyane cyane cyakirwa na CSO zicunga (complexe) imiyoboro ya sitasiyo zishyuza (uhereye kubacuruzi batandukanye).

Itanga ibintu bikurikira:

• Raporo y'ibarura

• Kunoza amakosa no gutanga raporo y'imiterere

• Kunoza imiterere

Gukurikirana ibintu byihariye

Ibi byose bifasha CSO kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukora umuyoboro wishyuza.

Kwishyuza abakora sitasiyobafite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye sitasiyo yo kwishyuza kugirango banyuze

Gucunga ibikoresho: kurugero, barashobora guhitamo ibishobora gukurikiranwa nibidashobora gukurikiranwa.

2. Gutezimbere kugirango ukemure neza ibikorwa binini

• Ubutumwa bumwe bukubiyemo imirimo yose ijyanye no gucuruza

Kugabanya amakuru

OCPP 1.6 yazanye transport ya JSON ishingiye kuri Websockets, ishobora kugabanya cyane urujya n'uruza rwamakuru. OCPP 2.0 yazanye inkunga yo guhagarika WebSocket, ikomeza kugabanya umubare wamakuru.

3. Gutezimbere mumutekano wa cyber

Iterambere rikurikira ryongeweho gushimangira ubushobozi bwa OCPP bwo kurwanya ibitero bya cyber:

• Umwirondoro wumutekano (urwego 3) kuri sitasiyo yo kwishyuza na / cyangwa CSMS kwemeza no gucunga umutekano

• Ubuyobozi bwibanze kubyemezo byabakiriya

• Kurinda porogaramu zigezweho

• Ibiti byumutekano

4. Kwagura amafaranga yubwenge

Muri OCPP 2.0.1, imikorere yubushakashatsi bwubwenge yarongerewe (ugereranije na OCPP 1.6) kugirango ishyigikire:

• Koresha uburyo bworoshye bwo kwishyuza bwinjira muri sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) kuri sitasiyo yishyuza

• Kunoza uburyo bwo kwishyuza bwubwenge hamwe nabagenzuzi baho

• Inkunga yo kwishyiriraho ubwenge bwa CSMS,sitasiyon'ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi.

5. Shyigikira ISO 15118

Ugereranije na IEC 61851, ISO 15118 isanzwe ni protocole nshya ya EVSE kugeza itumanaho rya EV. ISO 15118 yemerera ibintu byinshi bishya no gutumanaho neza hagati ya EVSE na EV. OCPP 2.0.1 ishyigikira ISO 15118, kandi ibintu bishya birimo:

Gucomeka no Kwishyuza

• Kwishyuza neza, harimo kwinjiza mumashanyarazi

6. Kunoza uburambe bwabakiriya

• Amahitamo menshi yo gutanga uburenganzira

• Erekana ubutumwa

• Umushoferi wa EV ukunda ururimi

• Amahoro n'amafaranga

7. Porotokole yo gutwara abantu: OCPP-J kunoza

• Guhuza ubutumwa bworoshye

• Nta nkunga ya SOAP