Mu gihe imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV) zikomeje guhindura imiterere y’ubwikorezi ku isi, uburyo bwo gusharija bunoze kandi bworoshye ni ingenzi mu gushishikariza abantu benshi gukoresha EV. Uburyo bugoye bwo gusharija, gukoresha imiyoboro myinshi yo gusharija, hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyura idahuye bishobora kuba imbogamizi ku ba nyiri EV cyangwa bikababangamira abamaze guhindura uburyo bwo gutwara EV. Porogaramu ya Open Charge Point (OCPP) iraje kandi izahindura imikorere y’urusobe rw’amashanyarazi. OCPP yagenewe koroshya itumanaho hagati y’imiyoboro ya EV na sisitemu zo gucunga, ikemeza ko habaho uburyo bworoshye bwo gusharija, gukorana neza, no gukora neza kugira ngo umuyoboro wa charger ube ukomeye kandi woroshye gukoreshwa.
OCPP - Porogaramu yo Gutanga Amafaranga Afunguye ni iki?
Porogaramu ya Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) ni porogaramu ikoreshwa mu gutumanaho hagati y’aho amashanyarazi akorera (EV) (izwi kandi nka EV charging points) na sisitemu zo gucunga amashanyarazi (zizwi cyane nka CMS). Mu by’ukuri, OCPP ikora nk'"ururimi" rusanzwe n'umuyoboro utuma habaho itumanaho ritagoramye hagati y’aba bakinnyi babiri b’ingenzi mu bijyanye no gusharija amashanyarazi.
OCPP yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 2009 kugira ngo ishyireho uburyo bwo guhuza imikoranire hagati y’ibyuma bitanga umuriro wa EV na sisitemu zo gucunga. Nubwo hariho amabwiriza yihariye, OCPP igaragara nk'urubuga rufunguye rwose. Ubu buryo bwo gufungura buha abakoresha ibikoresho bitanga umuriro amahirwe yo guhuza umuyoboro uwo ari wo wose n’ibikoresho bitanga umuriro, bigateza imbere udushya, ipiganwa, no koroherezwa mu nganda zitanga umuriro wa EV.
Ibyiza bya OCPP
1. Gutanga ubworoherane n'umutekano ku ba nyiri sitasiyo zo gushyuza
OCPP yemeza ko ba nyiri sitasiyo zo gushyuza bashobora guhindura abakoresha imiyoboro y'itumanaho uko bikenewe, bityo bakarinda ishoramari ryabo kandi hirindwa ko imitungo yabo ishaje. Iyo uruganda rukora sitasiyo zo gushyuza ruvuye ku isoko, ba nyiri izi sitasiyo bashobora kwimukira ku wundi muyoboro wujuje ibisabwa na OCPP badatakaje imikorere. Iri hitamo rifunguye rishishikariza ipiganwa hagati y’abakora n’abatanga imiyoboro y’itumanaho, bigabanya ikiguzi, bikanoza serivisi, kandi bigateza imbere udushya. Kubera iyo mpamvu,Gucana umuriro wa EV ibikorwa remezo byagutse vuba, biha abashoferi ba EV amahitamo menshi yo gusharija.
2. Yemerera itumanaho rusange hagati y’ibigo byo gusharija n’abatanga serivisi z’imiyoboro gutanga serivisi z’amashanyarazi ku buryo buhendutse (nk’uburyo bwo gusubiza ibyo umuntu akeneye).
Impinduka mu kugera ku ibyuka bihumanya ikirere mu 2050 bizazana ukwiyongera k'ubukene bw'amashanyarazi, ahanini bitewe n'amashanyarazi akoreshwa mu gutwara abantu n'ibintu, gushyushya amazu, n'izindi nganda. Muri icyo gihe, ikwirakwizwa ry'ingufu zisubira nk'izuba n'umuyaga, aho umusaruro wazo utandukana bitewe n'ikirere n'amasaha y'umunsi, nabyo byashyize igitutu ku muyoboro w'amashanyarazi. Izi mpinduka zihinduka zitera imbogamizi ku guhagarara neza no kwizerwa kw'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi, bigatuma ibigo by'imari n'amabanki bishaka ibisubizo bishya nka gahunda zo gusubiza ibyo bikenewe.
Igisubizo cy'ubusabe ni iki?
Gusubiza ku busabe bw'amashanyarazi bikubiyemo kuringaniza ubusabe bw'amashanyarazi binyuze mu gushishikariza abakoresha guhindura ikoreshwa ryabo ry'amashanyarazi bakajya mu masaha atari ay'umuvuduko mu gihe ingufu ari nyinshi cyangwa ubusabe ari buke.
Ibi bikunze kugerwaho binyuze mu gutanga inyungu ku biciro cyangwa izindi nyungu z'amafaranga. Uburyo bwo gusubiza ibyo ukeneye, hamwe n'imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi igezweho na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, bigira uruhare runini mu kubungabunga uburyo bworoshye bwo gukoresha imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi, kugabanya ingaruka z'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa, no kwemeza ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi ihamye mu masaha menshi yo gukora.
Uruhare rwa OCPP mu gusubiza ibibazo
Kugira ngo gahunda zo gusubiza ibibazo zigende neza, itumanaho riboneye hagati y’abakoresha amashanyarazi n’ibigo by’amashanyarazi ni ngombwa. Abakoresha amashanyarazi bagomba kuba bashobora guhindura cyangwa guhagarika ikoreshwa ry’amashanyarazi hakurikijwe uko amashanyarazi akenewe. OCPP ikoresha uburyo bwashyizweho bwo guhuza abakoresha amashanyarazi na porogaramu zo gucunga kugira ngo yorohereze iri tumanaho.
Ibyiza byo Gusubiza Ubusabe bwa OCPP
· Kunoza ikiguzi: Binyuze mu gukoresha ibikorwa remezo by'itumanaho bihari, OCPP igabanya ikiguzi cy'inyongera kijyanye no gushyira chargers muri gahunda zo gusubiza ibyo umuntu akeneye.
· Kongera ubushobozi bwo koroshya: Imashini zikoresha OCPP zitanga amashanyarazi zituma abakora amashanyarazi bagira uruhare rugaragara mu micungire y'umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi no kwemeza ko amashanyarazi n'ibikenewe byose biringaniye.
· Ibikorwaremezo bidashobora kuza: Bihujwe na OCPP, imiyoboro yo gusharija ishobora kwimenyereza impinduka mu miterere y'ingufu no gushyigikira ibikorwa byagutse byo kuvugurura imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi.
Mu guhuza ubushobozi bwo gusubiza ibyo ukeneye binyuze muri OCPP, abakora ntibashobora gusa kugira uruhare mu gutuma amashanyarazi adahungabana, ahubwo banakongera agaciro k'imiyoboro yabo yo gusharija mu buryo burambye bw'ingufu.
3. Kongera uburyo bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi binyuze mu gukoresha uburyo bumwe no koroshya ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha
Gukoresha uburyo bwo gusharija bunoze kandi bworoshye ni ingenzi mu gushishikariza abantu benshi gukoresha imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi (EV). Uburyo bworoshye bwo gushyushya, gukoresha imiyoboro myinshi yo gusharija, hamwe na sisitemu yo kwishyura idahuye bishobora guca intege ba nyiri amashanyarazi bashobora kuba bafite cyangwa bigatera intege abamaze guhindura uburyo bwo kugenda mu modoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
Icyemezo cya OCPP gikemura izi mbogamizi binyuze mu gushyiraho urutonde rw'amabwiriza ahamye yongerera ubwumvikane n'imikoranire mu miyoboro yo gusharija. Binyuze mu kwemeza kochargers kuzuza aya mahame, OCPP ishobora kugabanya inzitizi zo kwinjira no guteza imbere ubunararibonye bw'umukoresha, bigatuma amashanyarazi yoroha cyane.
Bimwe mu bintu bigize ubunararibonye buhoraho bw'umukoresha bubungabungwa n'icyemezo cya OCPP birimo:
1. Uburyo abashoferi batangira gusharija
2. Uburyo abashoferi bishyura amafaranga yo kwishyuza
3. Kubona charger ziturutse ku miyoboro itandukanye binyuze muri porogaramu imwe cyangwa porogaramu yo kwishyura
4. Kwishyura ku buryo busanzwe ku miyoboro itandukanye yo kwishyuza
Ishusho Nkuru: Gushyigikira Gukoresha EV
Mu kugabanya aho gushyushya imodoka mu gihe cyo kuyikoresha, OCPP ishyiraho ibidukikije bituma gutwara imodoka byoroha. Ibi ntibinoza gusa uburambe ku bafite imodoka zigezweho, ahubwo binahumuriza abaguzi bashobora kugura ko gutunga imodoka zigezweho ari ingirakamaro kandi byoroshye. Ibikorwa remezo bihuriweho byo gushyushya imodoka byubaka icyizere kandi bigatera inkunga ikoreshwa rya EV ryagutse, ibi bikaba ari ingenzi mu kwihutisha ihinduka ry’ubwikorezi burambye.
Amaherezo, chargers zemewe na OCPP zigira uruhare runini mu gushyiraho umuyoboro wo gusharija uhuza kandi ushyira imbere abawukoresha, bigatuma abashoferi bumva bafite icyizere kandi bashyigikiwe mu gihe bakoresha ikoranabuhanga rya EV.
OCPP ikora ite?
Mu gice cyabanje, twamenye ko Porogaramu ya Open Charge Point (OCPP) itanga igisubizo kimwe ku buryo bw'itumanaho hagati y'aho gushyurira n'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo hagati, hatitawe ku mucuruzi.
OCPP ni uburyo bw'itumanaho hagatiSitasiyo zo gusharija amashanyarazina sisitemu zo gucunga amashanyarazi ya EV. Igice gikurikiraho kivuga uburyo OCPP ifasha aya matsinda abiri atandukanye mu buryo bwo gusharija amashanyarazi kuvugana hagati yabo, n'indi mirimo ifite uretse itumanaho.
1. Guhana ubutumwa
OCPP yemerera sitasiyo zo gusharija na sisitemu zo gucunga guhanahana ubutumwa ku bijyanye n'aho sitasiyo yo gusharija igeze ubu.
Urugero, ubutumwa bushobora kuba burimo:
· Niba icyuma gitanga charger kiboneka, kiri gukoreshwa, cyangwa gisaba kubungabungwa
· Iyo igikorwa cyo gusharija gitangiye cyangwa gihagaze
· Igipimo cy'igihe cyo gukoresha ubu cyangwa igihe cyo gutura
· Amakuru ajyanye no gusuzuma aho bashyira charger
2. Gukurikirana uri kure
Abakoresha aho bacanira bashobora gukoresha OCPP kugira ngo bakurikirane aho bacanira bari kure.
3. Uruhushya
Abakoresha aho gusharija bashobora gukoresha OCPP kugira ngo bemeze kwinjira muri aho gusharija.
4. Ivugurura rya firmware
Sisitemu yo gucunga ishobora kohereza ubusabe bwo kuvugurura firmware kuri sitasiyo yo gusharija, hanyuma ikaba ishobora kwemeza no gukora ivugurura.
5. Kwishyura no kwishyura
Abakoresha uburyo bwo kwishyura amafaranga bashobora gukoresha OCPP kugira ngo bahuze uburyo butandukanye bwo kwishyura no kwishyura.
6. Gusharija mu buryo bw'ubwenge
OCPP ishyigikira uburyo bwo gusharija bugezweho nko kuringaniza imizigo no gukoresha porogaramu yo gusharija.
7. Gahunda yo Gusubiza Ibikenewe
OCPP yemerera chargers kuvugana na grid cyangwa porogaramu z'amashanyarazi, ibi bikaba bifasha kugenzura ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi.
Intangiriro ku ma OCPP ariho ku isoko
Mu 2010, Open Charge Point Protocol 1.2 yarasohotse, naho OCPP 1.5 irasohoka mu 2013. Izi verisiyo za mbere ntizikibungabungwa na OCA, bityo twashyizeho verisiyo zikurikiraho, ari zo OCPP 1.6 yasohotse mu 2015 na OCPP 2.0.1 yasohotse mu 2020. OCPP 2.1 na OCPP 2.0.1 birahuye neza. OCPP 2.1 biteganijwe ko izasohoka mu gihembwe cya mbere cya 2025.
Ubwoko bubiri bw'ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya OCPP
SOAP: Porogaramu yo Kohereza Ibintu mu buryo bworoshye (SOAP) ni porogaramu ishingiye ku butumwa ikoresha XML mu kwerekana amakuru. SOAP ni urwego rwemerera ubutumwa koherezwa hagati y’ibice kuri interineti. Akamaro ka SOAP ni uko iyi gahunda ikubiyemo imirimo yo kohereza no kwakira ubutumwa. Ibi bituma bishoboka gushyira mu bikorwa vuba.
JSON: JavaScript Object Notation ni uburyo bworoshye bwo guhanahana amakuru bworoshye ku bantu gusoma no kwandika, kandi bworoshye ku mashini gusesengura no gukora. Byoroshye gusoma no kwandika kurusha XML. Bishingiye ku gice gito cya JavaScript.
OCPP1.6
OCPP 1.6 yubakiye kuri OCPP 1.5, irimo uburambe bw'imyaka myinshi mu bikorwa n'ikoreshwa ryakozwe neza hirya no hino ku isi. Kuva yatangizwa mu 2012, OCPP 1.5 yashyizwe mu bikorwa cyane n'abatanga serivisi n'ibigo by'imari hirya no hino ku isi. Ni muri urwo rwego,OCPP 1.6 izana impinduka zikomeye nyinshi, harimo ubushobozi bwo gusharija hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya smart ndetse n'ubufasha bwa JSON na SOAP kuri WebSocket.
Iyi verisiyo irimo kandi ibintu byinshi byanozwa, nko kwandika neza no kuvugurura kugira ngo hongerwe imikoranire hagati y’ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by’abacuruzi. Ibintu bishya by’ingenzi birimo ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma bwagutse (nk’amakode y’impamvu), kongera imiterere y’aho umuntu akoresha amashanyarazi, n’ubushobozi bwa TriggerMessage, byose byagenewe guhaza neza ibyo isoko rikeneye.
OCPP 1.6 igumana imikorere y'ingenzi ya verisiyo yabanje kandi izana impinduka nyinshi n'ibikosorwa ku bibazo bizwi bitazwi neza bituma bitajyanye na OCPP 1.5. Izi ntambwe zigamije gutanga serivisi nziza ku bakoresha sitasiyo zo gusharija (CPOs) no kugira ubunararibonye bwiza ku bashoferi b'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi hirya no hino ku isi.
Ibiranga OCPP 1.6 birimo:
· OCPP 1.5
· Verisiyo za SOAP na JSON
· Gushaja neza bifasha kuringaniza imizigo no gukoresha porogaramu zo gushaja
· Ubufasha mu gucunga urutonde (rw'ibanze)
· Izindi leta: Yongeraho izindi leta ku ibarura ry’aho batsindira amafaranga kugira ngo ihe CPO n’abakoresha amakuru arambuye ku bijyanye n’aho batsindira amafaranga.
· Kohereza ubutumwa, nk'igihe cya CP cyangwa uko CP ihagaze
· Iterambere rito ry’imiterere (ugereranije na OCPP 1.5)
OCPP 2.0.1
Ugereranyije na OCPP 1.6, OCPP 2.0.1 izana ibintu bishya n'ubushobozi bushya. Ariko, izi mpinduka zituma OCPP 2.0.1 idahuye na verisiyo za mbere (urugero: OCPP 1.6 na OCPP 1.5).
Ibiranga bishya OCPP 2.0.1 vs OCPP 1.6
1. Uburyo bwo gucunga ibikoresho (buzwi kandi nka Device Model) bukoreshwa mu kubona no gushyiraho uburyo bwo kubishyiraho no kugenzura aho amashanyarazi ashyirwa.
Gucunga Ibikoresho (bizwi kandi nka Device Model) ni ikintu kimaze igihe kirekire gitegerejwe, cyane cyane gikunzwe n'amasosiyete ashinzwe ubucuruzi (CSOs) acunga imiyoboro (igoye) y'ibigo byo gusharija (biva ku bacuruzi batandukanye).
Itanga ibi bikurikira:
• Raporo y'ububiko bw'ibikoresho
• Raporo y'amakosa n'imiterere yayo yarushijeho kuba myiza
• Imiterere myiza
• Igenzura rishobora guhindurwa
Ibi byose bifasha imiryango itegamiye kuri leta kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi.
Abakora sitasiyo zo gusharijabafite uburenganzira bwo guhitamo ingano y'amakuru arambuye yerekeye aho bashyira amafaranga kugira ngo bayatangaze binyuze muri
Imicungire y'ibikoresho: urugero, bashobora gufata icyemezo cy'ibishobora gukurikiranwa n'ibidashobora gukurikiranwa.
2. Iterambere ryo kunoza uburyo bwo gucunga neza ibikorwa binini
• Ubutumwa bumwe bukubiyemo imirimo yose ijyanye n'ibikorwa
• Kugabanya amakuru
OCPP 1.6 yashyizeho uburyo bwo gutwara abantu bwa JSON bushingiye kuri Websockets, bishobora kugabanya cyane urujya n'uruza rw'amakuru kuri telefoni zigendanwa. OCPP 2.0 yashyizeho uburyo bwo gukanda WebSocket, bigabanya cyane ingano y'amakuru.
3. Iterambere mu mutekano w'ikoranabuhanga
Hanongerewemo ibi bikurikira kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi bwa OCPP bwo kurwanya ibitero bya interineti:
• Imiterere y'umutekano (ibyiciro 3) byo gushyuriramo no/cyangwa kwemeza CSMS n'umutekano w'itumanaho
• Ubuyobozi bw'ingenzi ku byangombwa by'abakiriya
• Amavugurura ya firmware ahamye
• Inyandiko z'ibikorwa by'umutekano
4. Gukoresha uburyo bwa "smart charge" mu gihe kirekire
Muri OCPP 2.0.1, imikorere yo gusharija hakoreshejwe ubwenge yarongerewe (ugereranije na OCPP 1.6) kugira ngo ishyigikire:
• Gukoresha uburyo bwo gushyushya bukoresheje ikoranabuhanga buturutse kuri sisitemu yo gucunga ingufu (EMS) ujya kuri sitasiyo yo gushyushya
• Gukoresha uburyo bwo gusharija bugezweho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu byo mu gace utuyemo
• Inkunga yo gukoresha uburyo bwa "smart charger" bwa CSMS,sitasiyo zo gusharijan'imodoka zikoresha amashanyarazi.
5. Gushyigikira ISO 15118
Ugereranyije na IEC 61851, igipimo cya ISO 15118 ni protocole nshya y'itumanaho rya EVSE na EV. ISO 15118 yemerera ibintu byinshi bishya n'itumanaho ryizewe hagati ya EVSE na EV. OCPP 2.0.1 ishyigikira igipimo cya ISO 15118, kandi ibintu bishya birimo:
• Gucomeka no Gushaja
• Gushaja neza, harimo n'ibikoresho biva mu modoka ikoresha amashanyarazi
6. Kunoza ubunararibonye bw'abakiriya
• Amahitamo menshi yo kwemerera
• Erekana ubutumwa
• Ururimi umushoferi wa EV akunda cyane
• Imisoro n'amafaranga
7. Porotokoli y'ubwikorezi: Iterambere rya OCPP-J
• Uburyo bworoshye bwo kohereza ubutumwa
• Nta nkunga ya SOAP
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-21-2025